Chen Bin: Why are there more and more ＂learning difficulties＂?

Source: Journal of China

Author: Chen Bin

Liu Yu (pseudonym) has taken a serious consideration.

He is currently studying in a university in China in China. The first course that was hung up during college was higher mathematics.At that time, the score of his course was 35 points, but he didn't care much, thinking that the future re -examination would definitely pass.

Until the junior, he received the school's drop warning before suddenly realizing that he needed to make up for eight lessons in this school year."I'm not sure if it can be remedied, or I just dropped out of school?"

In the same year of Liu Yu's struggle for his future, Li Ling (a pseudonym) graduated from a master's degree and became a counselor in a key university in China.

Before becoming a counselor, Li Ling's life can be described as smooth and smooth -he has excellent grades since childhood, excellent academic academics in college, and staying in school as he wished after graduation.However, in the counselor's appointment, she has the "frustration" she has never experienced before. The source of this feeling is that Liu Yu is a "student trapped student".

"I feel helpless in the face of such students," she said.

The common "frustration"

Li Ling is located in a science and engineering college, which is usually known for her studies. This makes her often facing the situation of students and even dropping out of school due to her academic difficulties in her unable counselor's career.

"There were about 300 undergraduates in our major last year, and there were nearly 20 people who did not graduate for various reasons." She said.

A considerable part of these students dropped out of school halfway."They usually can't keep up because of learning. They feel that it is meaningless to learn anymore. They can only drop out of school. Of course, some students can find that they can't work when they are in the senior year."

With the expansion of domestic higher education enrollment, undergraduates have become more and more common.

For example, the relevant person in charge of a "double first -class" university academic office in China told the Chinese Sciences Journal that the number of undergraduate enrollment from the school from 2020 to 2022, and the number of dropped students in the 3 years was 90, respectively, respectively, respectively, respectively.97 and 141.

There are a lot than retired students.

Liu Yu has a major in about 200 students, and has experienced no less than 30 people."Students with the most hooks have hung 10 courses." He is far more than him.

Some of these students choose to drop out of school halfway, and some students have pursued and slowly get rid of the identity of "trapped students", but more students have been hovering between "hanging subjects" and "not hanging subjects"EssenceThese students have become the source of Li Ling's "frustration".

Li Ling has taught an undergraduate.In June of this year, he would have three courses who did not pass it.In order to allow him to graduate smoothly, Li Ling has contacted the student's class teacher and class teacher to communicate. Please ask the party members and classmates in the class to tutor him many times. He also contacted the psychologist to communicate with him alone.He helped him privately and even talked with the students many times.

"I think I have helped him in all aspects, but he still failed to pass the final exam, and even in September did not pass it. In the end, he did not obtain a graduation certificate." In the face of a reporter from the Chinese Journal of Science, Li Ling couldn't help "vomiting"," For these students, I have done my best, and even the school has done their best, but the results are very small.

This feeling is not unique to Li Ling.

Over the years, Zhan Yisi, deputy director of the Student Student Student Student Student Student Student Student Student Student Student Student Student Student Student Student Center, often goes to different colleges and universities for lectures on student academic guidance.When communicating with the counselors of various schools, she found that this sense of frustration and weakness is common among them.

"The feeling of many counselors is that they have made their best solutions, but students are either unwilling to take care of or not to say the real learning situation. It is difficult for teachers and students to talk to a frequency." Zhan Yisi said.

In this regard, some counselors told the Chinese Journal of Science in the interview that a word circulating in their "circle" -each counselor will encounter several students.Communication, any job you do is futile.

Who is the help of "Student Student Student"?

In the eyes of students, is the teachers really "to be benevolent"?Liu Yu was hesitant.

"Said that they did not do their best, they indeed urged me in all aspects, but they said that they did their best. They could not arouse my desire to learn from the bottom of their hearts." He said.

If this happens, Zhan Yisi feels that the crux of the symptoms is whether the teacher and the students can truly establish a trust relationship.She usually gives the counselor's suggestion to try to discover the students' excellence and flash points.

"The so -called 'Flash Dot' is not particularly learning, but he is good at all fields." Therefore, the counselor must establish a close relationship with the students so that students feel that the counselor really appreciates himself.Only when teachers and students really build their trust in each other, students are willing to show the most "embarrassing" side.Next, we can talk about "communication with the same frequency".

However, the question has appeared again -who should do these jobs?

In Li Ling's work, students with a number of more than five doors will become the target of her focus.Every month, she will arrange special conversations at least once to understand the students' learning situation. She also invites student party members to help.These will be included in her conventional work.

As for why the number of hanging subjects is set to 5 doors, the reason is simple- "standard" is too low, she must not be busy.Because in the current universities, the counselors have undertaked too much transactional work and have no time to face.

"At present, there is a problem with the assistance work of the Student Student Student, that is, it mainly depends on the counselor and the class teacher.The psychological guidance of 'Student Student Student' indirectly formed the difficulty of the educational work of the "Student Student".

In an article, Shao Guang conceived a set of transformation countermeasures based on the "trapped students" transformation based on the "Three Education".He said that from the principle, universities 'assistance to "students' difficulties" is a systematic engineering. Of course, counselor is an important part of it, but it requires the impact and supervision of the overall environment of the school."Among them, the teaching teachers and classrooms, including the second class, and of course the school's academic system."

However, the reality is that in many universities, helping the "trapped students" is just the "division" of counselors and class teachers.At least in the impression of Liu Yu, except for the counselor's tireless "唠" over and over again, his class teacher has rarely asked his study, even the disciplines that he did not have the passage.

In this regard, Tsinghua University's approach is worth learning from.

Zhan Yisi's student study and development guidance center has an important task center, that is, the institution is centered, connects the departments in Tsinghua University, and cooperates with the departments of various departments for the course resources of "learning difficulties".Try to establish a guidance mechanism with professional characteristics.

"Under this mechanism, there are both professional guidance forces, as well as the co -assistance of counselors, class teachers in different disciplines, and other teachers.Mechanism. "In Zhan Yisi, the biggest advantage of this mechanism is the disadvantage of the counselor (class teacher) and professional discipline forces, and eventually form a joint force. Compared with the counselor (class teacher), this model needs to be mobilized to mobilize in -campus resources and labor costs that consume much more. Therefore, similar explorations have not been fully rolled out in domestic universities.However, in Zhan Yisi, "the resources of colleges and universities should first focus on the growth of students and effectively integrate it."

Do you want to "call parents" in college?

In addition to the power of various departments in the school, Li Ling also hopes to intervene in another force.

Although she has not worked for a long time, she has found that in the group of "learning difficulties" group, especially for students who have dropped out of school due to academic problems, there are a large proportion of native families.

For example, the parental relationship mentioned in the previous article who did not get the graduation certificate was not very good.More importantly, the level of parents as farmers is not high, and they are not good at communicating with him.Various factors make the student form a personality of introverted, not good at communicating with others.In fact, Li Ling also contacted him many times after leaving the school and obtained a job.But for this concern, the student still performed very passive, "On the contrary, his mother would take the initiative to contact me."

In Li Ling's experience, the student's situation is pretty good."At least parents are alive, but the family situation is not very good." But in other "students", parents' divorce and parental violence are very common.

In addition to the "problem household", even ordinary families will have a negative impact on the learning of students for various reasons.

Some scholars have divided such families into two types.First, parents have too much expectations for students, but when students enter the confusion period, they do not give them attention and psychological assistance. Instead, they pay attention to academic performance and cause students to be too psychological pressure.Take care of students' academic or unable to guide students to learn. In addition, treating children is generally "only for spending money, regardless of education", so that students have inferiority.

The above phenomena make Li Ling deeply feel that the family's intervention is crucial to help "study difficulties".In fact, Liu Yu was awakened in his junior year and pursued his academics. The important trigger factor was that the school notified the parents to the parents. His father went to the school to have a long -term talk with him.

However, in reality, the parents of colleges and students have never established a good student academic interaction mechanism.

Ma Jia (a pseudonym) of college counselors in domestic universities in China has a habit, that is, every time you bring a new life, establish a parent WeChat contact group."I will communicate with the daily management affairs of some students and some situations that appear among the students in WeChat groups. For example, some students have achieved good results, or some signs of sexual problems occur in the student group, etc.To establish a close daily connection with parents.

Ma Jia did this from the accumulation of experience and lessons -the school had experienced students withdrawn from school due to academic problems. Parents found the school and questioned why the school did not communicate with them before.

"In this case, the school is very passive. More importantly, because the communication between home and school is not smooth, the students' academic studies are ultimately damaged." He said.

However, according to Ma Jia's understanding, this method of building a "parent group" is almost the "prescribed action" of student management in primary and secondary education, but it is not common in colleges and universities.Some colleges and universities even oppose the counselor to establish a parent group. "The reason is that they are worried that they encounter certain situations. Some parents have incite emotions in the group ..."

In addition to the above concerns, the communication of home schools also faces deeper problems, that is, in the public and even some scholars' cognition, college students have become adults. Once a problem occurs, students should take their own responsibilities instead of the first time."Find parents".

In this regard, Shao Guang said that although the students were adults when they entered college, the growth environment of college students today is relatively simple. Therefore, the physiological "adults" students may not have reached the adult level psychologically.In this case, if there is a problem with students, colleges should still communicate with parents as soon as possible.

"The purpose of communicating with parents is not to" sue ", but to help students help students. In this regard, we have many successful precedents." Shao Guang said.

"flow" is the greatest goodwill?

When the school integrates in -school resources, and even after the family helps the "trapped students", the students' grades still cannot be improved. What should I do at this time?

In Lu Xiaodong, a researcher at the School of Education at Peking University, the answer to this question is simple: "This shows that the student has found that he is not suitable for this school or professional during the growth process., To let students' flow.

Lu Xiaodong's "flow" refers to transferring students to a professional or school that is more suitable for him."For example, students are not suitable for research. At this time, forcibly keeping it in a research university is tantamount to him. If you can transfer it to an applied university or highVocational colleges may be more suitable for his growth.

It is worth noting that from the global perspective, the withdrawal rate of "learning difficulties" in domestic universities is not high.For example, the Dean of the Higher Education Research Institute of Lanzhou University and the professor of the Xiamen University Education Research Institute, Wu Daguang, compared the undergraduate graduation rate of college students from China and the United States.%And 37.15%.At the same time, the four -year graduation rate of the undergraduate of Chinese universities was 96.83%and 97.61%, respectively.

"This data has triggered our thinking from a certain perspective. Many of our students have spent four years of college time in universities or majors?" Lu Xiaodong said.

The attempt for students to "flow" is not without precedent in Chinese universities.

In July 2018, 18 students from Huazhong University of Science and Technology did not meet the standards and were treated by the school from undergraduate to college.The university officially said: "Trial of the undergraduate transfer system is a academic relief system, which reflects humanistic care, and gives students who are on the verge of dropping out."

As early as 2008, there were media reports that 30 undergraduates from Wuchang Branch of Huazhong University of Science and Technology were surrendered to college because they could not reach 1/2 of the scores of each year.

Even in recent years, colleges and universities have tried similar practices.In July of this year, the Beijing Education Commission issued an announcement confirming that nine students in Beijing are transferred across provinces, involving "double first -class" universities such as Peking University and Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

It is just that there are few related examples of domestic universities, let alone establish an institutionalized transfer system.

"At present, the important factor that hinders students' inter -school flow is that in people's general understanding, students transfer from one university to another, especially to a lower university.For the original school, it is a "cruel abandonment ', which is a" failure' for students, but the fact is just the opposite. "Lu Xiaodong explained that this is like climbing Mount EverestWhen you find that you are not suitable for mountain climbing or do not have the ability to climb, if the teacher and the school "spurred" it in various ways to barely climb, the student will probably probably fall before the top.At this time, the best way is to let him climb the mountains with lower altitude, and even give up climbing and change to other sports such as swimming.

"From this perspective, let students 'flow out' from the original college is not a kind of" cruel ", but the biggest and true goodwill." Lu Xiaodong said.

In the interview of reporters, the expectations of "flow" are not unique to Lu Xiaodong.Different people have different interpretations of "flow".

For example, Li Ling has conceived whether some students who have been difficult to graduate due to academic issuesIn the form of "slow employment", design a "buffer period" for them. Students can "flow" into the society during the buffer period, and return to school again after conducting certain experience and adjustment.

Zhan Yisi also mentioned in an interview that European universities are implementing a special system -students have the opportunity to participate in a special project of the school after dropping out of school.If he can get qualified results through the assessment at the end of the project, he can return to school to continue studying."This is a system that fully reflects humanistic care. But whether Singaporean universities can learn from it still need to be determined according to the status quo of the resources of the college." She said.

"No matter what kind of system reform, the most test of colleges and relevant departments is whether it really centered on student growth.The most need to consider the most. "Zhan Yisi said.