Han Heyuan: The successful enlightenment of the Qin Dynastys reform to China

Yang Kuan, the late professor of Fudan University, who specializes in the history of the Warring States Period, has made such a description of the Warring States Period: "From the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Dr. Qing of Jin, Qi and other countries pay attention to the victory in mutual mergers.Economic and political reforms are the trend of reforms that drive historical development and progress.The situation of dividing Jin 'to the early War of the Warring States Period followed this trend to further seek reform, and at the same time, a "Legalist" school that emphasized reforms in the academic ideological community.The first rich P. " Sima Qian even believed in the historical record: "Wei Yong Li Ke (that is, Li Yan), do his best ... After that, the world competes to the Warring States Period." This sentence means that Li YanThe change of reform kicked off the prelude to the Warring States Period.In other words, not because of the entering the Warring States Period, Li Yan began to reform, but because of Li Yan's reform that China pushed China from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Warring States Period.

Through reform, the hegemony of the Wei State was established, and the hegemony of Chu Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period was also completely expelled from the international political stage of the Central Plains.This heavy blow prompted Chu's rulers Chu Mourning at the time, and had to seek the technique of wealth for the rich.When Chu Mourning Wang Zheng wanted to reform, the enemy Wei Guo helped him send a person -Wu Qi.Because the uncle of Wei Guo Guo was afraid of Wu Qizhi, he squeezed Wu Qi out of the Wei State out of the need for preservation phase.After the Chu State passed the change of Wu Qi, the national strength also increased greatly.

Look at Qin Guo again.At that time, the situation of the entire Qin Kingdom was as Qin Xiaogong said in the sake of Xianxian, "the country is worried, and there is no foreign affairs."Shang Yang "smells the order, enters the Qin west", and Shang Yang's reform has begun.Everyone knows the end of the end. After the Shangyang reform, Qin Guo soon became rich and strong, laying the foundation of Qin Guo's unification of China.

In this regard, we can draw the first conclusion, that is: looking at the history of the entire Warring States Period, it is not difficult to find that as long as the reform is willing to reform, this country will inevitably be strong.The problem is here again.All countries carry out the reform movement in various forms. Why is the only Qin Kingdom who laughed at the end?What practical significance and inspiration of Qin's reform to China now?Personal opinion is that it benefits from the following aspects:

1. Continuous reform.In the knowledge of many people, Qin's reform began in Shang Yang.But the fact is that as early as 408 BC, it started to start reform. The sign was to officially implement the "initial rent" system.Subsequently, Qin Xiangong succeeded until the end of the ruling expansion. In the past 20 years, he implemented a "glorious isolation" strategy similar to the United States., Reform.After the death of Xian Gong, his son Xunqu Liang succeeded, that is, Qin Xiaogong, and Xiaogong adhering to his father's ambitions and methods of doing things.From the promulgation and implementation of the "first rentinghe" system to the death of Shang Yang in 338 BC, the reform of Qin State continued for 70 years.On the other hand, the reform lasted for 40 years, while Chu and Zhao Guo had only 10 years.

2. Comprehensive reform.As far as Qin Kingdom is concerned, these 70 years are 70 years from passive reforms to active reform; 70 years that not only continued and continued to deepen reform.In these 70 years, the reform of Qin State has been involved in all aspects. From the initial taxation reform to subsequent household registration and military reforms, to the reform of the economic system, the reform of the political system, the reform of the rule of law system, and even the reform of cultural and ideological reformsIn the words of Li Si in the guest order: filial piety to use the method of Shang Yang, move the customs and customs.It can be said that in terms of Qin Kingdom, these 70 years have carried out a comprehensive reform of a box -turning cabinet, leaving no dead ends.It is also thanks to the comprehensive and thorough reform of these 70 years and the continuous deepening reform that Qin Kingdom can be "the people are rich in Yin, the country is rich and strong."In contrast, Zhao Guo, reform is only limited to the military reform of "Hu Fu Qi" promoted by King Zhao Wuling, and does not involve the reform of the economic and political system.

Three, the reform does not preset positions.Many people today are morality, for the country, the country, and the nation. In my opinion, this is a typical upside -down inverted, and it is a typical purpose of the purpose to make the tool.In this regard, Qin Xian's father and son were obviously more desirable.The father and son have a commonality -abnormal and pragmatic, both of which are thorough pragmatists.Their goal is very clear, that is, as long as they are profitable, they can accept it, not only the utensils and talents of other countries, but also the political, economic system, and even concept of competitors.In terms of Qin, Shang Yang is undoubtedly foreigners, but it is boldly used.All reforms promoted by Shang Yang in the Qin Kingdom were basically through the advantages of the post -issuance to take the reform experience of the advanced countries such as Wei and Chu.

It is due to the fact that the reform is not preset, and after passing the advantages of the post -development, and through the use ofism, Qin Guo brought the advanced concepts and policies of other advanced countries at that time to the extreme.

What is the fate of preset positioners?At the end of the Ming Dynasty, missionaries such as Matteo Ricci had been valued in the Ming court, and continued to use Tang Ruowang and others to make a calendar in Qin Tian in the early Qing Dynasty.In the first year of Shunzhi, the court observed on the field to the Western Fa forecast of Tang Ruowang and others, which proved that it was accurate.Therefore, Shunzhi decided to use the "constitutional calendar" in the second year.This decision aroused strong dissatisfaction of the court's old forces.Among them, the most opposed to college scholar Yang Guangxian, he said a very famous words: "It is better to make Zhongxia no good calendar, and not to make the mid -summer western." As a result?It is the preset position of these old -fashioned forces that make China and modern civilization lose their arms.