Source: China News Agency
Author: Liu Yang
"On the fifth day of the first month of the first month, the fragrance is incense, and the wealth of wealth throughout the year; the fifth day of the first month of the first month, the ingots can not be used on the fifth day of the first month;
The "Shangxiangxiang" and "Touching Yuanbao" in this folk song are the customs and habits of the "God of Wealth" on the fifth day of the first month of the first month.On this day, every family cleaned the house, swept out the "poor" out of the door, and welcomed the "God of Wealth" into the house.How is the image of God of Wealth established?What are the differences between the light and wealth of people for wealth in ancient and modern years?A few days ago, Huang Jingchun, a professor at the Chinese Department of Shanghai University of Arts and Zhang Bo, a researcher at the Beijing Institute of Beijing United University, accepted an interview with the "East and West" of China News Agency to interpret it.
The summary of the interview is now as follows:
China News Agency reporter: How is the custom of "Wealth God" on the fifth day of the first month of the first month?Why is it called "Breaking Five" in northern China?
Huang Jingchun: The belief of the Chinese folk wealth can be traced back to the Song Dynasty.In the late Northern Song Dynasty, the change of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty, Meng Yuan, who left Tokyo, lived in Lin'an (Hangzhou), and wrote a book of Tokyo Menghua Record in his later years to recall the prosperity of Tokyo.In this book, Meng Yuanmao described the scene of home households on the streets to buy "wealth" (that is, the statue of wealth).At this time, the God of Wealth did not have a clear name, but it was the god of wealth.
The record of "Welcome God of Wealth" on the fifth day of the first month is found in the novel of Feng Menglong of the Ming Dynasty: "On the fifth day of the first month, the customs of Suzhou are the households of the Japanese family.In the late dynasty, the local mind also had a record of receiving the God of Wealth on the fifth day of the first month.
The days of welcoming the God of Wealth in various places are not the same. In the fifth day of the first month of the first month, Beijing is the "sacrifice god" on the second day of the first month of the first month.The customs of welcoming the wealth gods have also been continuously integrated, and gradually formed the folk customs of welcoming the god of wealth on the fifth day of the first month of the first month.When I investigated Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan and other places from 2000 to 2010, I found that people in various places have different attitudes towards the fifth day of the first month.Great.
In addition, the north and south are also different from the definition of the fifth day of the first month.Liu Zhongyu, a professor at East China Normal University, compared the "Broken Five" in the north and the "God of Wealth" in the north. He believes that the north is to send "poor" away, and the south will welcome "wealth".People in the north and south have a good hope for life to become rich, but their attitudes and practices are different.
The difference in attitude is related to the differences between the development of the North and the South.In the Qingming Shanghe Tu, people can intuitively see the lives of the Northern Song Dynasty: vendors on the Luohe River, there are many shops and stalls on both sides of the street.During the Song Dynasty, China's economic center of gravity moved south, urban commodity economy developed rapidly, business and manual operators continued to pour into cities, and the citizen class continued to grow.Citizens' prayer for life is no longer satisfied with "sending poor", but directly expressing the pursuit of "wealth".
Relatively speaking, the tradition of continuing farming society in many areas in the north in the old days, "sending the poor" is the main tone of the fifth day of the first month of the first month.The northern region is also related to the fifth day of the first month of the first month.The ancients believed that there were many taboos during the New Year. By the fifth day of the first month, people thought that the New Year was over, and they would start to work on the ground.Therefore, the fifth day of the first month also means "sending away" taboos.Sending away various taboos and "poor" out, this is the main content of "breaking five" to express.
China News Agency reporter: When telling the god of wealth on the fifth day of the first month, you mentioned that the image of God of Wealth has different sources.How is the image of God of Wealth established?
Huang Jingchun: During the Song Dynasty, the people would buy "Fortune" and posted them at home."Fortune" is the portrait portrait.During this period, there was no specific description of the image of God of Wealth.The Yuan Dynasty began to appear to be a blessing, also known as the fortune of the fortune.There are four yuan of miscellaneous dramas. Some are directly called "God of Wealth", but each name and origin are different.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the belief of the God of Wealth had been passed down to North China.
In addition to increasing the God of Wealth, Zhao Gongming and the Five Tongshen have the functions of wealth.From the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, worshiping the "Five Links" gradually became popular.The source of the Wutong God was in India and was later introduced into China.Since the Tang Dynasty, the legend and belief of the five -way gods began to appear.During the Southern Song Dynasty, there were many temples in Jiangnan.
Five Tong God has a lot of different names, such as the Five Gods, the Five Sacred Gods, the Five Gods, the Five Luchen, Huoguang, and Ma Lingguan.Lu Xun's "Five Rama" in the Five Memories of Lu Xun refers to the five -pass god.Suzhou and other places also refer to the Wutong God as "Goro God" and "Five Brother God".The change of the name of the Wutong God was also related to the rejection of the Confucianism at the time.
Five Tongshen can bring money in the legend, but these money is not given in vain.His money is often stolen elsewhere.In the perspective of Confucianists, the Wutong God's pursuit is a typical evil god.Of course, with the thief as the god of wealth, behind it is the total number of social wealth. I have to lose and I lose the concept of wealth.The Wutong God is not the creator of wealth, but the porter of wealth. They did not increase the total amount of social wealth.From the perspective of Confucianism, this violates the ethical concept of Confucianism and corrupted the social atmosphere.
Confucianism has promoted the official launch of the five -way campaign.Under this social pressure, the five -handed gods changed their fame and also made a "god style" transformation.As a result, the God of Wealth appeared.In the spread of the God of Wealth, the interpretation of the "Five Road" also evolved the connotation of "five elements of righteousness" and the beautiful vision of "east, west, south, north, and middle.The God of Wealth of the Wulu retains the functions of the Wutong God, eliminated the theft and adultery, and increased the ethical connotation of loyalty, filial piety, fairness, and justice.The transformation of the Wutong God has gone through hundreds of years.His image broke out from the dilemma of anti -ethics and anti -society. He completed the name change and the improvement of the gods with the image of the God of Wealth, and was accepted by all sectors of society.
China News Agency reporter: How does the overseas Chinese move to overseas history?What are the interesting phenomena when you investigated in various places?
Huang Jingchun: Overseas Chinese also believe in God of Wealth.I saw a portrait of the emperor in a Chinese restaurant in Singapore, and asked the boss who was painting. She said it was Qianlong.Qianlong is the same as "Qianlong".Qianlong uses copper coins engraved with the words "Qianlong Tongbao" to form a dragon.There is a Qianlong about 2 meters long on the beams of the palace in the Forbidden City, which means that the house is safe and the descendants are stretched.The Chinese portrait of Singapore's Qianlong in the restaurants and hotels means the meaning of harmonious "Qianlong", praying for wealth.
In Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam, there are customs that are worshiped by Ford.Ford is commonly known as the landlord, which is a wealth belief formed under the farming society.Chinese immigrants transmit the belief in the land god to Southeast Asia and integrate with the local religious culture.Now there are also scholars who study the relationship between Chinese immigrants and Southeast Asian customs from the perspective of folklore and anthropology.
China News Agency reporter: When the Spring Festival, many people, including young people, have to be incense and pray for their studies and career.What are the "tricks" for young people in ancient times?What is the difference between contemporary young people?
Zhang Bo: The age of young people is different from the age of young people, and there are less records of the way of seeking money for ancient young people.But people can still see the continuation and change of customs from the comparison of ancient and modern wealth.
In Suzhou, Jiangsu, when the head (that is, the God of Wealth God), we must hang the wealth god painting shaft in the middle of the guest hall. Five wine cups in front, five pairs of chopsticks, and "five dried" and "five wet" offerings. In addition,There are also four bowls of four dishes, and the "three animals" are placed in the middle: two golden chickens, one side of the pork ribs, and one of the living beef and catfish.The chickens must be tied into an ingot, and the titles are shame; a kitchen knife is pressed on the fish.The merchant also opened the market around the fifth day, worshiped the God of Wealth, and recruited people to drink alcohol.Jiaxing in Zhejiang also has the habit of picking up the road on the fifth day of the first month.
The merchants in Shandong Jiaodong area have special dumplings on the fifth day of the first monthSpecific, the dumplings on this day have to be broken intentionally. The shopkeeper asked outside the kitchen and asked loudly: "Bad, did ingot earn?" The guy replied loudly: "Early!"And when eating dumplings with garlic as seasoning, do not talk about eating garlic, and say "Yicai".
The above is just the old customs of some areas on the day of the fifth day of the first month.Contemporary young people are simplified in way, but there are also certain inheritance, such as going to the temple on the fifth day of the first month to pray for blessings, eat specific foods, and put specific objects at home.People look forward to their future better life and "cheer up" for their work and life.
