Out of the three -year epidemic, it is increasing the horsepower to fight the economy throughout China. The employment demand for service and manufacturing has increased greatly, but some migrant workers are no longer willing to leave their hometown to work. How can localities deal with the challenge of labor shortage after the lunar calendar?
"It is difficult for workers to recruit now, and short workers can't recruit."Li Hongyao, an e -commerce owner of the Rongcheng Textile City, Xiong'an New District, Hebei, accepted the interview with his voice hoarsely, while he was busy putting the rabbit plush toy into the bag, a small package, and preparing to send the courier.
Just after the Spring Festival this year, Li Hongyao posted information about recruiting toy contractors through various channels such as local life service platforms and circle of friends. After more than a month, no one was promoted, and she had to personally do it.The monthly salary given by Li Hongyao is not low, 4,500 yuan per month (RMB, the same, about S $ 900), which is at least 10 % higher than the wages of ordinary workers in the spinning city.
The small inland town in the north cannot recruit workers, and the provinces of coastal employment are difficult to recruit workers.Huang Guoqing, general manager of a magnesium aluminum alloy die -casting plant in Zhuhai, Guangdong, told Lianhe Zaobao that in recent years, employment shortage has been the biggest challenge for post -holidays. This year, due to the liberalization of epidemic prevention policies, the shortage of labor is even more prominent.
He said: "We expected this for a long time, and the factory stipulated in the pre -holiday factory that anyone who returned to work after the Lantern Festival on February 6th will give each person a half -month reward.Back to the job. "
The enterprises where Huang Guoqing is located has been established for more than 10 years. The main products are used in automobiles, airplanes, home appliances, etc., and more than 80 % of them are exported to Europe and the United States. There are no shortage of customers in the world.
At present, there are more than 200 employees in the enterprise. The average age is over 35 years old, and most of them have more than 10 years of working age.He said: "Old employees are familiar with production technology, and they are also dragging their families. They are unwilling to change jobs.
Three -year epidemic control and the continuous landslide of the real estate industry have caused the Chinese economy to suffer rare hit in recent decades.Last year, China's economy only increased by 3 %, far lower than the original 5.5 % growth target.
In order to allow the Chinese economy that caught into the trough to return to normal track as soon as possible, at the end of 2022, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Economic Work Conference on the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China released a clear signal of economy and trustee, and emphasized that "expanding domestic demand"Priority.
At the beginning of this year, the Chinese society, which was out of the outbreak, began to turn to the economy. In order to achieve the economy of "opening the door", all parts of the country pressed the fast -entry key.A large number of key engineering projects started at the same time, and consumption gradually recovered. The demand for employment in the service industry and manufacturing industry has increased greatly. After the Lunar New Year of the Lunar New Year, the "labor shortage" and "difficulty in recruiting people" have become particularly prominent this year.
In the case of a general shortage of labor, in order to be able to operate normally, companies usually have to increase their treatment and salary, solicit or retain employees.However, the downward pressure on the economy has increased, and some small and medium -sized private enterprises themselves are not easy to operate. It is difficult to make up for the labor gap by increasing treatment and salary.
A private enterprise Xu, a private enterprise in Qingdao, Shandong, admits that the company has been established in an interview that the company has been established for less than four years and is in the start -up stage. At present, there are less than 100 employees, which is far lower than the company's human resources planning.EssenceHe said: "Actually, it is recruiting people in the end ... The economy is not very good. The company does not have a profit to give high salary recruiters. If the company is in a benign rising channel, it will definitely give a competitive salary.More. "
He sighed and said, "This year, it will be more difficult to recruit people, and new energy talents are even more sought after this year."
In 2023, "New Energy" frequently appeared in the work report of 31 provinces in China. The new energy industry is regarded as an emerging strategic industry that drives the new and old kinetic energy conversion of the local economy.In the past, the new energy industry that originally existed in the gap in the villain was even more stretched this year.
According to the manufacturing talent development planning guidelines issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Social Security, the talent gap between energy saving and new energy vehicles this year alone is as high as 680,000.
Young people are unwilling to enter the factory
Enterprises have no profits, and naturally it is difficult to attract talents with higher salary, and the employment gap industry may be further increased.
Huang Guoqing admits that the attractiveness of salary to foreign workers is declining, but the company's own pressure is also very high, and it is unable to provide more.He said: "The general salary of general workers in the Zhuhai plant is 56,000 yuan, and the employment cost paid by the enterprise is about 10,000 yuan. If the workers return to their hometown, they can get so much money.Come back. "
In Li Hongyao's view, it is not because the toy packagers cannot be recruited, mainly because the salary is not high and the economy is not good. On the contrary, after the Valentine's Day on February 14, the sales of plush toys have basically entered the off -season, but this year she hasThe orders received are not reduced.
She believes that the new generation of young people in China is the reason why the career selection of career selection is not recruiting.
She explained: "The toy packager sounds easy. In fact, it is not easy to live. One person has to send more than 500 orders a day., I don't want to earn hundreds of more than a few hundred yuan. "
There are similar situations in the Zhuhai factory of Huang Guoqing.Last year, two young general workers under the age of 25 were left in the past half a year.
Huang Guoqing said that one "suspects that the factory workshop is noisy and the working environment is not good", and the other complains "can't find the object", because more than 95 % of the factory is male employees, few young female employees.
Huang Guoqing expressed his understanding of young people: "The workshop is monotonous, and the income is not as high as the express delivery industry. Of course, young people do not like it."
China's new generation of young people is unwilling to engage in low salary and high -intensity work. Will it be difficult for the world's factories to quickly lose their advantages in the labor -intensive field?
Xu Hongcai, deputy director of the Economic Policy Committee of the China Policy Science Research Association, said in an interview with Lianhe Morning Post that China will not lose its advantages in manufacturing in the short term, but the manufacturing industry will continue to transfer to Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam and the Philippines.Maintaining the competitiveness of the global manufacturing industry is urgently needed to upgrade the industry.
Eastern coastal cities are seriously frustrated and impact on foreign workers' confidence
After the three -year epidemic, China's economy and society are returning to the right track. The long -term epidemic blockade of last year has severely frustrated the economy of some eastern coastal cities, and also impacted the confidence of foreign migrant workers to continue living in big cities.
At the same time, the rapid development of the Central and Western regions has provided new job opportunities, coupled with the improvement of rural infrastructure, and support measures for local governments.hometown.
Chen Yiwei (37 years old) left Shenzhen last October and returned to his hometown in Guang'an, Sichuan.Currently, he is about 10 kilometers away from homeA car parts processing plant found a job and engaged in CNC machine tool operators.
In an interview, he said: "If you do it for 12 hours a day, you can earn more than 6,000 yuan a month."
"You can drive to get off work every day without renting a house, and the living expenses are much lower. The income that is not different from Shenzhen is not much different, but now you live very well, so you don't need to consider changes in work."
Chen Yiwei has worked in Shenzhen for more than 10 years and has been working in the catering industry.Before leaving, he did product research and development in a prefabricated vegetable company. Although his income was not low, he never had a sense of belonging. Especially during the epidemic period, the entire catering industry business was very bleak.Change the employer.
"Many restaurants can't stick to it ... As soon as the work changes, you have to find a house. Renting a house or moving is very troublesome." Recall that the hard work of living in Shenzhen last year is not easy.Determination of your hometown.
After the uncertainty brought by the epidemic, some young workers are no longer keen to sacrifice their care of their families and leave their hometown to make more money.
Su Lili (33 years old) in Suzhou, Anhui, returned to his hometown in the second year, found a job in an automated workshop in an electric tool processing plant.Like Chen Yiwei, she also holds the salary of pieces. It works for 12 hours a day and the monthly income can reach 5,000 yuan.
In addition to the "every day with oil on my hand" made her feel that the work of the factory is not very decent, her current income and living conditions make her feel more satisfied.
In an interview, she said: "I can go home every day, be with my children, eat delicious meals, and rest for two days a month, you can go out with your child."
Although there are no official data, how many people stayed in their hometown in the 296 million migrant workers and did not return to the centers of about one -third of the global manufacturing output.Workers are willing to work at home.According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the total number of migrant workers nationwide in 2022 was 296 million, an increase of 1.1 % over the previous year.
Although the total number of migrant workers who go out to work, it is still about 48 million than local migrant workers who employment in the township where the household registration is located, but the growth rate of migrant workers (0.1 %) is far lower than that of local migrant workers (2.4 %To.
Since 2015, the annual average annual growth rate of migrant workers is significantly lower than that of local migrant workers, with 0.28 % and 1.99 %, respectively.
Salary pays consumer vouchers to give new cars surprisingly on people.
Chinese workers are increasingly inclined to work at their doorsteps, while the labor demographic dividend is also shrinking.After the epidemic, under the command stick of the economy, the manufacturing center and the East Employment Provincial provinces became increasingly impressed by the use of work. Local governments and enterprises began to show their ability in the "grabbing war".
Eastern provinces with strong financial resources have come up with real gold and silver to subsidize key enterprises. Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, etc. were led by officials before the Lunar New Year, using charter machines, specialized columns, special cars to Guizhou, Guangxi and other labor services.Output a large province to grab people.
Some companies that get orders and urgently need to work can't wait to open the fancy grabbing mode.
In Wenzhou, Zhejiang, where the private economy is developed, if the old employee returns to the job, it can bring the fellow, and each person will issue 1,000 yuan reward; in Yongkang County under the jurisdiction of Jinhua, Zhejiang, some companies will distribute valuable consumption for foreign employees to retain foreign employees.Vouchers, the employees who were fortunate to get the "vouchers" were almost free to get new cars.
More local governments and enterprises have attracted their talents to recruit talents, and they are popular. Some provide couples for migrant workers and wives, and some open employee benefits such as "group building, training, tourism" to attract young peopleEssence
At the offline job fair held in February, Tongzhou and Central City, the deputy center of Beijing City, our reporter found that many enterprises highlight "recruitment of state -owned enterprises", indicating that employees can eat in the "government cafeteria" and distribute itBirthdays, holiday gift vouchers, gifts, etc., use employee welfare to attract candidates' attention.
And enterprises have shown that there is a long -term business relationship with units in the state -owned enterprise and other systems to show the stability of work income and career prospects to attract the interest of job seekers.In addition, many companies are also relaxing the age of candidates.
In addition to frequently hosting online and offline job fairs, Beijing, where high housing prices are not ascended, also launched the "Spring Return" Huimin Rental Campaign.53 housing leasing agencies have taken 530,000 houses, focusing on new citizens, young people, and urban operational service guarantee personnel, providing rental commission discounts, deposit -free and other rental discounts. I hope that foreign and young people will return to Beijing in springGoing to work does not affect the operation of the city.
So far, the labor shortage does not seem to have an impact on the production and operation of China's employment province.Jiangsu, Guangdong, Shanghai, etc. have announced that the return rate of migrant workers exceeds 90 %, and the problem of labor shortage has been greatly relieved.
Huang Guoqing in Zhuhai said that although some employees have not returned, in general, the factory operation is normal, and he intends to add another automated robotic arm to work hard to reduce the expenses of future labor costs.
Li Hongyao in Hebei is still anxiously waiting for someone to come to apply for toy packagers. After the Spring Festival, she will be exhausted for many days and overtime.She said that if she could not recruit people, she would consider paying a salary, and a large number of recent orders made her highly encouraged.
