Hanging in the central hall of the House of Construction and Development Bureau, the famous calligrapher Pan's handwriting "Ande Guangsha has millions of rooms, the cold people in the world are full of face, and the wind and rain will be one of the national business cards in Singapore.This work and its symbolic Singapore House system has caused discussions and response on the Chinese social network from time to time.Seeing that the house is a kind of welfare house, "the cold people in the world are full of face", but often ignore the setting of a series of policies for the group housing system, and there are multiple faces.

The group house is first of all "Singapore's original shares".This is a little strange expression, but when the choice was made from different public housing systems at the beginning, the main consideration of the founding Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew is to give each citizen a "primitive stock".On the one hand, he firmly believes that those who have a constant producer have perseverance. If everyone has a house (instead of renting a house), the country will be more stable.On the other hand, from the perspective of the householder, the original stock was huge.Starting from 1990, the price of resale groups increased by 6.3 times, which not only far exceeded inflation, but even exceeded the increase in private houses in the same period.In comparison, Singapore's per capita GDP, which is denominated in the same period, has just risen by about six times.Economic high -speed development naturally brings up real estate prices.If it wasn't for everyone to buy a group house, but to go to the rental group, it would be difficult for Singaporeans to share the fruit of development through the house, and the effect of the policy may be the opposite.

Secondly, the government as the only supplier for the land house has strong determination and execution to ensure the supply.In the past 60 years, a total of more than 1 million HDB units have been established, and 24,447 group house units were launched in 2023.The sufficient supply is the prerequisite for "residents to have their own houses." If there is no large -scale and continuous supply of new houses, the housing house is either expensive or a serious shortage requires a long queue.

Once again, it is different from the public housing plans in many countries. Most of the elements of the group house are actually operated according to market principles.For example, although the price of the pre -order group (BTO) is decoupled with the market price after 2011, after meeting the minimum residence period (MOP), the group can be freely resold, and the price is determined by the market.In addition, the HDB can be partially or all rented, and the rent is determined by the market, and there is no price control.These market elements ensure that HDB has become a living asset that can be traded.When citizens need to change houses or use money, they can quickly activate this asset.

For example, the elderly people can sell large groups and replace them with group houses. The cash surplus can be used for pensions; they can also rent individual rooms to supplement daily expenses.As the last means, the government also repurchased the plan to help people in need replaced the remaining house deeds with cash for pension.It is worth noting that the reason why the repurchase plan can be carried out smoothly is that the two parties can reach an agreement on the repurchase price. The key is a reliable market price guidance.

In the end, the group house is not a hammer to buy and sell, but a long -term promise.The maintenance and maintenance of high -rise buildings is a problem in the world. Even if it can live for 99 years, the maintenance costs in the later period are often amazing.Different from private houses, there is a renovation plan for the government in the group. In the past few years, most of the old houses were equipped with elevators, and the houses from the age of 30 years will have a large -scale renovation.Most of the renovation costs are borne by the government.

The government's continuous investment in old houses is an important part of the healthy development of the HDB system.If there is no continuous renovation, the house may be dilapidated after a period of time, then every year, there must be more new houses than now to meet the continuous demand.This is unimaginable in Singapore, which is scarce, and is not in finance.

Public housing is a kind of anti -market behavior, which is not easy to do well in principle.Singapore's experience is to achieve a balance between respecting the market and ensuring people's livelihood.But it is the product of Singapore's special national conditions and it is difficult to learn directly.In the future, it is also necessary to promote sustainablely, as well as thin ice.

The new classification system that is about to implement this year is that under the new situation, the government's balance of markets, fairness and burdensome efforts, but it remains to be observed whether it can achieve the expected results.On the other hand, since the price of BTO and the market decoupled, the housing bureau has lost money, and its losses in fiscal 2022 have reached a record 5.38 billion yuan.These all require finance to supplement.

How to ensure the burden of group houses and not overwhelm finances is also a difficult subject.In the long run, Singapore's land will be limited. How to ensure supply and balance other various land use needs, these tests the wisdom of the governor.

The author is an algorithm engineer