The big cakes of the "World Factory" in China are cut, which is having a negative effect on the Chinese economy.The reform and opening up, which has begun in the 1980s, has turned a turning point. China's foreign trade and attracting foreign capital have undergone changes in turning.
Globalization has not retreated. Under the implementation of the chip bill, the United States is attracting foreign capital to enter the United States.TSMC built a factory in the United States. The starting time of the first factory was drawn in 2025, and the second construction time may be in 2027.TSMC's factory in Japan was mass -produced as scheduled this year.Hylos in South Korea plans to invest about $ 4. billion (about S $ 5.45 billion) to build an advanced chip packaging factory in the United States.South Korean battery manufacturer Samsung SD established a battery factory in the United States.These examples are enough to show that the globalization of the United States has not reversed.
But the United States has implemented chip export control to China and adds it to layer.On March 29, the Biden government aimed to prevent China from obtaining American artificial intelligence chips and chip manufacturing tools.This regulation was released in October last year to stop transporting artificial intelligence chips designed by companies such as Nvidia to China.The US move is against globalization, but China is also taking the same measures as the United States.In August last year, the Ministry of Commerce of China announced export control over more than 30 related items.On March 24, the Financial Times reported that the Chinese government took measures to reduce chips using American companies such as Intel and Chaowei Semiconductor and seek database software to reduce the procurement of Microsoft's operating systems and foreign -made databases.The Chinese government has quietly requested Chinese electric vehicle manufacturers including BYD and Geely to greatly increase the use of automotive chips made in the country.Before these measures, the main goal of "Made in China 2025" was self -reliance to reduce dependence on foreign countries.
The risk between China and the United States will inevitably lead to the global supply chain transfer. This transfer is mainly staged in Asia and Latin American countries.The role of the Chinese world factories will be borne by many countries.British economists pointed out last year that 14 countries or regions, including India, jointly formed "Altasia" (Alternative Asian Supply Chain (Asian alternative supply chain). It is expected to gradually replace China in the next few years and become the focus of global production activities.EssenceExpect "Altasia" to completely replace China is unrealistic, but the big cakes of the world's world factories are cut by pieces of land.
Mexico has replaced China and became the main source of imported goods in the United States.This change reflects the results of changes in Sino -US relations.On February 7 this year, data released by the US Department of Commerce showed that from 2022 to 2023, the value of goods imported from Mexico to the United States increased by nearly 5%to more than $ 475 billion.At the same time, imports from China's imports plummeted 20%to $ 427 billion.The connotation of these trade volume is a considerable part of the intermediate trade.
Intermediate products are defined as the investment in the production of final products, excluding primary fuel and lubricant.The global supply chain is the division of labor and combination of intermediate products in various countries. The connotation of the world's world factories not only provides final products to the world, but also provides intermediate products.The changes in Mexico and China in foreign trade in the United States reflect the transfer of intermediate goods trade between Mexico and China. This is the transfer of the supply chain.
The changes in Mexico's foreign trade between China and the United States have also caused changes in China's trade and investment in Mexico.According to data from the container Trade Statistics Company (CTS) analyzed by the Norwegian air transport rate analysis platform, the number of 20 -foot containers shipped from China to Mexico in the first three quarters of 2023 can be checked.689,000 in the same period in 2022.
Data from the National Automobile Parts Industry Association (INA) of the Mexican National Automobile Parts Industry shows that 33 Chinese -funded enterprises launched in Mexico have sent components worth 1.1 billion US dollars to the United States in 2023.Ina said that Mexico imported nearly $ 9 billion in automotive parts from China last year.Foxconn announced in February this year that about $ 27 million purchased land in Jalisco, Western Mexico.Foxconn revealed that in the past four years, it has invested about $ 690 million in Mexico.
India is the focus of the Asian supply chain transfer.The Indian government is actively promoting the national strategy of "manufacturing in India."India uses the transformation of Sino -US relations to actively attract foreign investment to promote its chip manufacturing.Prime Minister Modi has been telling those countries that have geopolitical issues with China. India is a reliable partner who "builds a reliable supply chain".According to the Indian government, the microprocessor chip that provides power for all digital products will be manufactured in India soon.In December last year, the results of the relevant investigation by Japan's International Cooperation Bank showed that India ranked first in countries in countries where Japanese companies were optimistic about foreign businesses.
Foxconn invests in India, changing the location of the iPhone mobile phone assembly.Until 2019, about 99%of iPhone was produced in China.But now India is increasingly eating China ’s leading position in the production of iPhone.About 13%of the world's iPhone was assembled in India last year, about three -quarters of which were produced in Tamil Nadang.It is expected that by 2025, India's output will double.At the end of last year, Foxconn announced that its investment in India had exceeded $ 1.5 billion.In March of this year, Foxconn plans to invest $ 1.6 billion in India to build new production plants and prepare to accelerate to leave China.
In January of this year, the Indian government approved an investment worth $ 15.2 billion in the semiconductor manufacturing plant, including the proposal to build the first large chip manufacturing plant in India to build the Tower Group.Proposal of packaging joint venture.Taiwan's Licardo Power (PSMC) has confirmed that it will assist Tata Electronics Personal Co., Ltd. to build the first 12 -inch wafer fab in India in Gejeratebon Dorla.
In recent years, Vietnam's economy has flourished, making Vietnam a center of Asia's supply chain.Apple's Cook praised China's openness and prosperity, but Apple mobile phones were involved in the vortex of Sino -US relations.Some Chinese government civil servants said they received instructions that they could not use Apple mobile phones during their work.A Chinese aunt scolded "Chong Yang Mei" at the crowd of the apple mobile phone and was praised in short videos.From this, we can understand that Apple has stepped up the motivation for the diversification of the supply chain.Vietnam is one of the destinations for Apple to transfer the supply chain. It has acquired land use rights in Vietnam, considering expanding the scale of business.
Supply chain transfer is the result of the political system and ideological duel between China and the United States. This result is that the distance between China and Western countries is getting farther and farther.The latest survey of the German Chamber of Commerce in China shows that the proportion of German companies that evacuate the Chinese market or consider abandoning the Chinese market has doubled in the past four years.At the same time, the distance between China and Russia is getting closer, and China -Russia trade has exceeded the scale of US $ 200 billion in advance.Such a distance and one distance are the track of the Chinese National Games into a new productive forces.
The author is Shanghai current affairs commentator
