Zhang Yun: Sino -US cognitive chaos may fall into the danger of the New Cold War

Horizontal World

The development of China, the changes in the international system, and the difficulties of the Sino -US relations have allowed Sino -US to have an unprecedented impact on the prerequisite for cognitive premise to the original cognitive framework of the other party and the international order.The appearance of cognitive chaos is China and the United States?Does the concept of international order in China and the United States have a fundamental conflict?Is the trap of Xiu Xidder inevitable?The discussion of these issues seems to be the possibility of polarization in their respective countries.

The emergence of the Sino -US trade war has caused negative mutual cognition between China and the United States to show an increasingly polarization trend in recent years.There are listeners.

Cognitive opposition between China and the United States did not appear today. From the late 1940s to the early 1970s, China and the United States were hostile to each other for a quarter of the century.More than 30 years from the late 1970s to the early 21st century, Sino -US relations have improved qualitatively. Everyone wants to take it for granted.And the difference in cognition of the other party is reduced.

However, it turns out that the two major powers of China and the United States are far apart and the values of social systems are very different. For finding Andrdquo;The greatest knowledge challenge.The Sino -US relations represented by the trade war are now rare in recent years. Behind it is that the two sides recognize the mutual understanding of the gap again. If you cannot control this cognitive gap, it is not alarmist to fall into the new cold war.

Historical lessons of cognitive chaos in China and the United States

In the Cold War, a serious misunderstanding of mutual misunderstanding occurred. This misunderstanding stems from a cognitive gap that changes in the order of Asian order after the war.For China, the war between North and South North Korea and North and South Vietnam belongs to the civil war in the process of post -war non -colonization and independence of the nation -state.;

However, the United States mainly regards the secondary as a prelude to the expansion of communism in Asia. The non -colonial movement of the Asian nation -state, including China, is carried out in the process of violence. In addition, the population and poverty are the hotbeds of the communist forces to control Asia.

On this basis, China involved in the Korean War in the name of the United Nations in the name of the United Nations.The manifestation of new colonialism; in turn, the United States sent the Chinese dispatched volunteer forces into the DPRK to see the specific evidence of the expansion of the communist power to the Korean Peninsula.

We see that because of this cognitive gap, not only let the Sino -US war meet in the Korean War, but also after the war, the Sino -US ambassador negotiations have been discussed for a long time, but also let the Sino -US war conflict in the Vietnam War again.This allowed China and the United States to hostility for a quarter for a quarter.

In fact, history has proven that the Korean War and the Vietnam War mainly stemmed from the post -war non -colonial movement tide to promote the power of nationalism, rather than that China expanded communism in international communism in Asia.Although the Sino -Soviet division in the early 1960s has proven this, the United States does not seem to have prepared to recognize misunderstandings. Instead, the rationality of the Vietnam War is improved into the indirect support of international communism.Ambition.

Similarly, China also had insufficient cognition of the United States at that time. Unlike the old imperialist countries such as Britain and France, as early as the 14 -point peace plan of Wilson, and Roosevelt's design of the United Nations Charter, it has givenFull support.

The United States initially did not oppose non -colonization itself, but to worry about the non -colonization movement of rapid progress, which would bring violence and disorder of international order changes.Asia, the United States has implemented a containment policy for China, which strengthens China's awareness of the United States as the new colonial empire as the new colonialist empire.Strategic predicament allows both parties to adjust their strategy.

However, the adjustment of this situation has made both parties pay a heavy price before. Isn't it possible to have a more active cognitive adjustment?

Overcoming the cognitive chaos in the new period

China has begun to believe that the United States is obsessed with the so -called Andrdquo; (Global Primacy), "Global Primacy), to continue the US global hegemony and regard China's rise as a comprehensive challenge and major enemies for the United States.It is useless to do anything in China. Only when China further develops its strength can we fundamentally reverse the stubbornness of the United States and Sino -US relations will have a new balance.

China ’s understanding of the United States into a stubbornly overlord has made China more and more impatient for the United States; corresponding to the United States believes that the contact policy adopted in the past few decades is based on the expectations of China’ s reform and opening up and the economy.After development, it will take the American -style democratic system. In international affairs, it will integrate and support the international order established by the United States. However, China does not seem to have changed the expectations of the United States.

On the contrary, China's business behavior and diplomatic attitude are increasingly challenging the existing order, and the country's country volume, population scale, and economic impact may have a demonstration effect on emerging countries in Asia and even other regions, so that it may be possibleRewriting the existing international order fundamentally, these disappoint the United States about China, and then feel highly doubtful about past contact policies, and have reduced patience about China diplomacy.

Avoid "self -decentralist andrdquo; cognitive solidification

From a historical point of view, the United States' perception of China and Asia in the Cold War mainly originated from Andrdquo; the cognitive framework of "American central thinking andrdquo;.The vitality and huge power are not sensitive and lack of understanding. It is recognized that Communism China is a pusher of the chaos of the post -war in Asia. It should be said to be mistakenly recognized the main driving force of the post -war Asian relations.P>

It is precisely because of these misunderstandings that the United States has adopted a wrong strategy and organizes the expansion of communism by organizing the military alliance network, which has caused regional division.

After the war, the issue of Asia is mainly national independence and economic development, but the United States defines the armed aggression of the Communist country as the main enemy. The organization is similar to the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (Seato).It may form a military alliance between nationals, but the organization ended in the end.

After the Vietnamese war fell into a deadlock, Nixon, which has been anti -communistist, has promoted the thawing of relations between China and the United States on the one hand. On the other hand, it continues to fight Vietnam communism. This dramatic change reflects the US cognition of the United States' communism in Asia for Asia's communism.mess.

Similarly, China ’s cognition of the United States and Asia in the Cold War also seems to have Andrdquo; on the one hand, the United States has no willingness to improve Sino -US relations due to the Korean war.Responsibility with sincerity has caused China to disappoint and the increasing understanding of the United States' intention to China;

But on the other hand, China's first five -year plan was completed in advance and the rise of the Oriental camp, which made China start to think that time stands on China. After China is stronger, the United States will take the initiative to improve the relationship.

However, with the deterioration of Sino -Soviet relations, China's diplomacy has appeared in a severe situation at the same time as the two superpowers at the same time.The deterioration of the external environment had a negative impact on domestic politics. The occurrence of the Cultural Revolution in turn has intensified China ’s external behavior, and during the Cultural Revolution, it once caused a difficult situation in international isolation.

oppositeSlightly defined as the main enemy, and the organization is similar to the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (Seato). The question was that the national construction of Southeast Asia at that time had just started. How could it form a military alliance between the country? As a result, the organization failed.

In contrast, the great power will also make mistakes.After the war, the United States became the world's superpower for the first time. It is responsible for leading the world's post -war order to lead the world's post -war order.Under the impact of rapid development of international relations, it seems that the experience is lacking and simple. Sometimes simply believe that the world's conflict can be resolved or curbed by military methods.

Similarly, for the first time after the war, China ended in modern times, and the semi -colonial society has become a unified national country.Exercise, but when looking at international relations, it seems that there is also a simplified tendency of non -black or white.

Both China and the United States are very clear, and the two are winning win -win situations, while conflicts are defeated. However, the evolution of mutual perception between the country does not necessarily follow the good wishes.To this day, Sino -US relations have been able to survive the development and development of Dangerous Beach.

In addition to the mutual dependence of interests and the role of international mechanisms, it is also the result of the common evolution of both parties in international order, bilateral relations, and self -cognitive reconstruction.Can you actively and look forward to overcome the historical moment of cognitive chaos.

The author is an associate professor at the National Niigata University of Japan

Senior Researcher of Beijing Foreign Studies University Regional and Global Governance Higher Research Institute