People think that "justice" is the highest standard. They want to claim that they are justice, but they ignore the different justice that everyone calls.However, if people recognize where justice comes from and the diversity of moral matrix, they will find that "peace" may be a goal that is more worthy of pursuing.
The war between Israel and Gaza aroused many differences and disputes in the world.Some people support Israel's revenge operation, and some people hold Palestinian banner in a distant country; some accuse Israel of massacre a large number of civilians during the revenge process, and some people accuse Hamas using Gaza civilians; some people are tired of hearing the words "hostages".Some people are still waiting for the family who have been taken away.Of course, there are no lack of radical and extreme claims.In a chaotic voice, we can't help but ask, who is right?Who should the world listen to?Who can represent justice?What is justice?
"Justice" has always been a subjective value judgment. Each of the controversy in the vortex feels that he is right and the other party is wrong; he is justice and the other party is unrequited.Where does our sense of justice come from?It is from our value judgment and from our moral standards.However, is there the standard of justice about "all seasons"?For example, Mencius said the "unbearable heart".
Now sympathizing with Palestine's voice, most of them start with the "unbearable" heart when they express the "unbearable" heart when they see the charcoal.People cannot face damage and indifferent. Even in the name of justice, many people still feel that Israel's hit is exceeded.
But things are not so simple. It is not that people can decide what righteousness is around whether there is a "harm" of civilians and starting from humanitarianism.Israel and Palestinian regions are inseparable from religious beliefs.Religion and historical disputes are too complicated, and people instinctively want to avoid religious beliefs and historical entanglements to talk about Gaza conflict; however, it is really difficult to get around.
What exactly is justice?From ancient times to the present, philosophers, politicians, jurists, sociologists, anthropologists, etc. have made many discussions. However, at present, people with refreshing doctrines come from some social psychologists.For example, Jonathan David Haidt, his main research field is moral psychology and moral emotions.He regarded morality as a moral matrix based on different basis.Everyone has different moral standards in their minds, and each has different weights and different priorities to form different matrix.
If you want to persuade others to believe that you are justice, you must consider different moral matrix as much as possible, and the moral matrix is based on at least six moral standards.In addition to the moral standards based on caring (the opposite side is damage) mentioned earlier, based on religious moral standards, Jonathan also proposes to be fair (the opposite is deception), loyalty (betrayal is betrayal), authority (disruption on the opposite side), freedom (freedom)The opposite side is oppression) a total of six most basic moral standards.People make a judgment of justice or not like these six moral standards, or intuition to make people feel just like their inner conscience.
Jonathan said in his book of justice that most of the moral judgment was made by the "elephant", and rationality was not in the dominant position.What is the "elephant"?Many people may have heard of Jonathan because of his famous metaphor of his "elephant" and "riding elephant".He divides people's psychology into two parts, one is the automation system, that is, an unreasonable "elephant"; the other is the control system, like a "riding elephant" riding on the back of the elephant.And thinking, but cannot fully control the behavior of elephants.He said that when we rode on the back of the elephant, we thought we could control the elephant, but in fact, we could only act in the range of the elephant's willingness. Most of the time, we could only cooperate with the elephant.It is on the basis of this concept that he has further done a lot of research to talk about morality with people.
When will the "elephant" obey rationality?The main way for people to change their ideas on moral issues is to interact with others.However, people usually judge before they seek argument.People are very good at picking mistakes for others, but they are not good at challenging their ideas.On the way to seek so -called justice, when people discuss it in an opposite attitude, the changes will be small.Because the "elephant" at this time will tend to turn around, and the "riding elephant" will work hard to refute the other party's accusations.As long as the two sides are in the battle mode, no matter how well the logic of one party is, the other party cannot change the concept.People often see the thorns in the eyes of others, and they can't see the beams in their eyes.
But when there is admiration, goodwill, or wanting to coexist peacefully, and to please others, the "elephant" will tend to approach each other, and "riding elephant people" will also work hard to find each other's point of view.Where.Therefore, if you really want to change people's concepts of morality or political issues, you must look at the problem from the perspective of others and enjoy the affection with others.
In terms of, people think that "justice" is the highest standard. They all want to claim that they are justice, but they ignore the different justice that everyone calls.However, if people recognize where justice comes from and the diversity of moral matrix, they will find that "peace" may be a goal that is more worthy of pursuing.People are always confused by the "justice" they insist on, and they have all kinds of disputes.In order to be peaceful, the "elephant" and "riding elephant people" can find antidote, and to achieve emphasis on moral differences, thereby achieving human longing without any harm and bleeding long -term peace.
The author is a former media person and creator of children's books
