Source: Interface News
Author: Zhao Meng
On May 21, 2023, the Central Committee of the Mainland Government and the State Council issued opinions on promoting the construction of the basic pension service system (referred to as opinions), and officially announced the list of national basic pension services, requiring all regions and departmentsEssence
In recent years, changes in the population situation in China have made the work of aging accelerating.In 2020, the "Qi Pu" population data shows that the population of China is 60 and above is 26.402 million, accounting for 18.70%of the total population. Compared with 2010, the proportion of population 60 and above has increased by 5.44 percentage points, and the population aging is aging.The degree further deepen.In the future, China will continue to face the pressure of long -term balanced population.
In 2019, the Central Committee of the Mainland Government and the State Council issued the country to actively respond to the aging of the population (referred to as planned), and proposed some major long -term goals of 2035 and 2050. It is mainly from wealth reserves, human resources, product services, products and services, Scientific and technological support, and the social environment aspects make strategic deployment and institutional arrangements for aging work.In November 2021, the Mainland Government Central Committee and the State Council's opinions on strengthening the work in the new era.This document is in the same vein, mainly for some new situations and new issues to make some major deployments.
The former Xinxin Interface News Introduction of Professor of Nankai University and Director of the Strategic Research Center of the Aging Development Strategic Development Strategic Development Strategy.In addition to the mechanism, supply capacity building, convenience and availability, the most prominent highlights are reflected in two aspects. One is to formulate a list of national basic pension services, listing the systematic, basic, inclusiveness, and commonity of the government.The basic tasks and matters of 16 pension -public services such as the responsibility have clarified the specific objects, service items, service content and service types of basic pension services.
The second is to establish an active response mechanism for accurate services, such as the statistical survey and release system of the elderly, comprehensive evaluation of the ability of the elderly, and improve the national unified evaluation standards;Dynamic management mechanisms, gradually realize the guarantee of the elderly from "looking for services" to "service"; strengthening the protection of elderly care services for the elderly for the elderly; facing the elderly such as living alone, empty nests, left -behind, disabled, paid disability, family planning special families, etc.Care service.
Interface News noted that the national basic pension service list announced by the attachment to the attachment to the attachment, for 12 categories, gives 16 basic tasks and matters for pension and public services.For example, for the elderly who can not take care of themselves after being determined to be self -care, the service items provided include nursing subsidies and family pension support services. For qualified disabled elderly family members to participate in related vocational skills training such as care training, vocational training shall be given in accordance with regulationssubsidy.For the elderly for family planning special families, the elderly who are usually said to be the elderly who are loses independent, and the service content is priority to the elderly institutions of government investment and establishment under the same conditions.
A number of pension institutions interviewed by interface news said that in terms of improving the basic pension service guarantee mechanism, the opinions proposed a number of measures, which is the "pain point" of the elderly service, but how to implement it in place may still have many tasks.Do.
The opinions of local governments should establish a guarantee mechanism for funding for the basic pension service, and the central government's finances are supported by the existing capital channels.Combining government purchase services with direct services, prioritize the service needs of elderly people such as disabled, ages, and unattended disability, age, and unattended services.
A person in charge of a pension institution in a province in the West told the interface news that although the state has always supported social forces to provide pension services, the business environment in some places is not ideal. Social pension institutions are often in a weak position when negotiating with the civil affairs department.His institutions signed a three -year decentralized support service contract with the local civil affairs bureau, but only two years after the implementation, the leaders of the Civil Affairs Bureau replaced, and the new leadership terminated the contract unilaterally and requested re -signing.
Not only that, in accordance with the contract, the elderly institution settle the service fee with the Civil Affairs Bureau every month, but this fee is often arrears during the actual implementation period.A month.He introduced that these costs are usually special funds from provinces or countries, and delay payments should not be occurred.
"Artificial salary and living expenses are spent at any time, and the service fee cannot be in place on time will affect the normal work of the pension institution." According to him, the province where the agency is located has raised care of the service fee since 2022, but the local area has not always failed.Relief.
The above -mentioned person in charge believes that the service items listed by the national basic pension service list are difficult to implement.He believes that due to limited local fiscal capabilities, it cannot provide additional support, and even some supporting funds required by the state are difficult to allocate in place. Therefore, the local people mainly provide health and care for the elderly.Can't do it.
Opinions also put forward the implementation of the development of preferential support policies for pension services, encouraging social forces to participate in providing basic pension services, and supporting property service companies to provide home community pension services according to local conditions.Encourage and guide social forces such as enterprises, social organizations, and individuals to support and help basic pension services through donations, establish charitable funds, and volunteer services in accordance with the law.
Yang Xiaoya, the person in charge of the Elderly Infrastructure Center of Wuhou District, Chengdu, has been engaged in pension services for more than ten years. She introduced to the interface news. Compared with the past, the state has supported social forces to participate in the development of the elderly.Pension institutions are much easier to apply for permits, which has also led to fierce competition in the pension industry. There are currently more than 100 pension institutions in Wuhou District.
However, "government support should not be just 'convenient to apply for permits', and it should be reflected in the actual operation of the pension institution." Yang Xiaoya said.
She introduced that after a three -year epidemic, the elderly institutions generally face financial pressure, which is the biggest difficulty at present.During the epidemic period, the pension institution was asked to "only go out" and the income decreased, but the expenditure did not decrease. Only the rent only required more than 1 million yuan each year (RMB, $ 190,000).There are more than 280 beds in this pension institution she are responsible for, and only about 170 people are currently staying at the level before the epidemic.According to her, the government has provided some subsidies for the difficulties of the elderly institutions during the epidemic, but the role is limited.It is also because of difficulty in business, and many local pension institutions have been closed.
Opinions put forward the unified collection, mutual recognition and opening up of the basic pension service object information and service guarantee information relying on the national population basic information library.
Yang Xiaoya said that in recent years, the pension institutions have increased a lot, helping the elderly people with old -age care to fully understand all aspects of information, make rational choices, and avoid "stepping on the mine".The attitude of the organization is not positive, which makes it difficult for the elderly institutions to promote their services, and it is not conducive to the elderly to better protect their rights and interests.Therefore, she believes that it is very important to establish an information sharing mechanism for the establishment of pension institutions and service objects.
