Under the mediation of China, Saudi Arabia and Iran decided to resume diplomatic relations in Beijing on March 10. This major diplomatic breakthrough has aroused worldwide attention.Many comments believe that this is a major victory in the regional situation and relegation, and it is an important global debut as a founder in peace.The United States and some Western countries believe that there are doubts about whether mediation continues, and some even believe that China has "entered" while the United States has weakened its influence on the Middle East.There is no doubt that China can make the relationship between the two major people in the Middle East, which has long been generally considered to have been almost not wearing the sky, and has a major diplomatic breakthrough.
In February this year, mainland China issued a concept document of the Global Security Initiative, and established the International Mediation Institute for Preparatory Office in Hong Kong at the same time.In late February, a Chinese position on the Ukraine crisis was also released.With the success of the mediation of Shay, the international expectations of the Chinese mediation of the Russia -Ukraine War in the world have also risen.It can be said that mediation diplomacy will be one of the largest innovations in China's foreign relations in the future.At the same time, foreign mediation is an extremely complicated, sensitive and difficult task. It deeply understands the significance and accurate evaluation challenges of China's mediation diplomacy, which is extremely important.
Mediation of major international significance of diplomatic
This mediation Shay diplomacy is not only the success of China's Middle East diplomacy, but also has major international significance beyond China's diplomacy itself.The global debut of China's mediation diplomacy meets the needs of new ideas and new wisdom in accordance with the urgency of international disputes. It will also be an important guardrail to prevent the world from slipping into the new cold war again.
First of all, China's Middle East mediation diplomacy is different from traditional countries with compulsory mediation. It is based on the voluntary autonomy of the Middle East and the core mediation with political solution.During the Cold War, the global hegemony of the superpowers and the conflict of the third world area was like a pair of twin brothers, which became an important feature of the international relations of the Cold War.At that time, in order to achieve the true and peaceful mediation diplomacy, there was almost no existence.
In the Cold War, the two superpowers regarded the third world as the object of the two sides for power. The regional conflict has the shadow of obvious agency war.Regional conflicts are essentially in line with the needs of superpowers.Under this zero -sum -thinking, mediation diplomacy basically does not use martial arts.The dominant mediation diplomacy led by the superpowers occasionally occasionally appears, but often adopts the mandatory method of military deterrent to the other side, or uses military assistance as a bargaining chip. It is essentially to get a more favorable position in the next round of competition.
Second, the current international politics is facing the danger of slipping towards the New Cold War again; rejecting the new Cold War must prevent regional disputes from being upgraded to "global security issues" for no reason to avoid the political intervention of power of great powers and further worsen the security situation in the region.China's mediation diplomacy and the important signal that transmitted to the world is the ability to solve disputes in the region under the ability of a trusted third party to mediate.
Regional disputes are often "global security", which means that foreign countries can intervene in military intervention on the grounds of this.This kind of military intervention may be provided by personnel training and equipment. As the conflict is upgraded, armed conflict and war may be triggered.The Vietnamese war was upgraded to the US -Vietnamese comprehensive war because the Vietnamese civil war was defined as the global security challenge of the freedom world against communism. It could not make Vietnam the fear of the top card of the Domino brand. As a result, the war fireed the entire Central South Peninsula.
The current global southern countries, political interaction is increasingly strengthened, and it is an important trend of the development of international relations.The more this trend is, the less interesting the regional countries will not be interested in the New Cold War, and the less they will not be selected from international politics.
Third, the success of China ’s Shay mediation diplomacy helps to strengthen regional countries around the world to strengthen the beliefs and confidence of regional countries' primary responsible persons, and it is also a useful exploration of disputes between the major countries to mediate developing countries.The overall rise of developing countries and international political awakening means that the global south has realized that it is necessary to actively create the importance of solving the dispute capacity in the region through political dialogue.
Imagine that in the 1960s, if the Asian country did not use regional security issues to correspond to the dialogue by regional countries, but to introduce the opposite side of foreign countries, it would like to not be the current stability in the Asianan region.
The Middle East has been unstable for a long time, the cause of the hegemony of the great powers, and the idea of not being able to find a solution in regional countries, as well as insufficient efforts and confidence.The core of mediation diplomacy is to provide confidence in the continuous political solution for the dispute, and establish mutual trust in the accumulation of phased results.
Challenge of diplomatic diplomacy
At the same time, the success of mediation diplomacy depends on the challenges of two maturity.The first is the maturity of the dispute to accept the mediation; the second is the maturity of regional countries.Premature or too late, too little or excessive mediation, not only may not be efficient, but also may have various risks.
First of all, the main party of international disputes has true willingness and accepting third parties for mediation diplomacy is an important prerequisite.From the perspective of the mediation party, participating in mediation with a neutral fair position is undoubtedly important; however, for the enemy, the dynamics of the relationship between them first are not trusting each other, and the attitude towards negotiations tends to zero sum.The proposal of the mediation party is often in a vulnerable situation, and it is not easy to make the dispute all believe that it is neutral.
The most important thing in regulating diplomacy may not be a transaction as soon as possible, but to establish an universal state relationship that can make the above -mentioned confrontation, and gradually move closer to normal logic.The trust relationship between the mediation party and the dispute, and the atmosphere of creating the three parties that can communicate normally, is often more important than the loss of losses in specific negotiations.These are also based on both the dispute that the old ways have come to the deadlock, and the understanding of the double losses will be doubled.
Saudi Arabia and Iran have long been evil for a long time. Especially after the intercourse in 2016, high -intensity confrontation continued to make the two sides exhausted, and caused instability in the Middle East, such as the also civil war in Yemen.Since 2021, Iran and Saudi Arabia have maintained consultations.
Compared with the conflict of Shay, the current conditions for mediation of the Russia and Ukraine seem to be immature. Western countries have a negative attitude towards Ukraine's military assistance, the discourse system, and the maturity of the dispute to accept the willingness of mediation.If the deep mediation is unsuccessful, various negative labels may be pasted, and it may even become the object of shirk responsibility.
Second, the maturity of the regional state cooperation helps the main mediation party to mobilize more positive energy, reduce the mediation resistance, and bring a positive chain overflow effect.Iraq and Oman have previously facilitated the conversation of Shay's dialogue, which can be said to be the mediation party in this mediation diplomatic general.In the Joint Bulletin of the China -Saladis on March 10, he specifically mentioned the efforts of these two countries.This shows that there is already a certain regional consensus in the Middle East to resolve conflicts through foreign politics.After this agreement was reached, we saw that diplomatic activities such as Iran and the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and Syria immediately appeared. It is also reported that the Arab National Alliance may invite Syria to participate at this year's conference.In contrast, some regions of Russia and Ukraine conflicts have a considerable negative attitude towards negotiations, such as Poland and Baltic countries.
China is a permanent member of the United Nations. It has a long -term friendly exchanges with developing countries in developing countries. It also has a close economic relationship. It has many advantages in carrying out mediation diplomacy.As the influence of great powers, as a mediation of international disputes, it will greatly enhance the possibility of fully and timely performance of the consensus reached in the mediation negotiations.Because this is not only the mutual commitment of both the dispute, but also their solemn commitment to China.Shuang Yue means not only the relationship between the other side of the dispute, but also a huge political cost that dishonests in China.
At the end of last year, Chinese leaders visited Saudi Arabia and the Beijing -Iranian Heads -headed Beijing meeting in February this year actually meant that China's highest level diplomacy directly established the political foundation of Said reconciliation in March.This fully reflects China's high political reputation with high diplomacy.
Mediation of two maturity of diplomacyThe problem means that China's mediation diplomacy will also be cautious, low -key, pragmatic, positive and adopted.Mediation diplomacy will undoubtedly become an important highlight of Chinese diplomacy and make positive contributions to international security and peace.
The author is an associate professor at the National Niigata University of Japan.
