Gu Erd

The crown disease that has continued for three years has created the global economy, especially for wealth distribution. It is the case from global levels to individual countries and regions.

The Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2022 published by the World Bank at the end of last year pointed out that the epidemic has caused the greatest setbacks in poverty in the world since 1990. It is estimated that the global epidemic in 2020 has led to about 70 million people in extremely poverty.It is the most year since 1990.From 1990 to 2019, extreme poverty around the world has fallen sharply, but the epidemic reverses this trend.2020 is a historic turn -the end of the era of convergence of global revenue, and income is increasingly differentiated.

The epidemic has the greatest damage to the poor: the minimum income of 40%of the income loss is 4%, which is twice that of the most richest 20%population.This has led the worldwide inequality to rise for decades.For the first time, the report transferred the extreme poverty line from $ 1.9 a day to $ 2.15 (about S $ 2.5 to S $ 2.83).By the end of 2020, the daily living expenses of less than $ 2.15 are estimated to be 719 million, mainly concentrated in Africa south of Sahara.

In Asia, the "Four Little Dragons" have different levels of impact on the epidemic.If the economic growth rate is the indicator, Singapore and Taiwan have performed the best in the past three years. South Korea is second and the worst in Hong Kong.During the epidemic during the epidemic, a good news that has been waited for a long time: In 2021, it ranked among the top 30,000 national income per capita.The latest of the four dragons.According to Chen Tianzhi, a Taiwanese economist, Chen Tianzhi, who is promoted by developing countries as high -income countries after the Second World War, if Singapore, Hong Kong, which is smaller in economy, and oil -producing countries that are not based on industrialization, there are only two in South Korea and Taiwan worldwide.Case.

During the epidemic in the past two years, the Taiwan government has vigorously promoted some beautiful economic achievements, including more than $ 30,000 per capita income, the first economic growth in 2021, and the per capita income of last year will surpass Japan.The false image brought by the depreciation), and how the semiconductor industry in Taiwan has attracted worldwide attention under the decoupling of the China -US economy.The problem is that when the general people saw these "light of Taiwan", a big question mark could not help but appear: "Why didn't my salary rise? Or is it poor?"

Over the past three years, the distribution of income from Taiwan has indeed been deteriorating.

In the past, the distribution of income from Taiwan, Xin, and South Korea was average.As far as the Gini coefficients in 2021 are concerned, South Korea 0.31, Taiwan 0.34, and Singapore 0.39 are at a high level in the world. There is only a large gap between the rich and the poor in Hong Kong. The latest survey was 0.47 in 2016.Zhu Zemin, the chief president of Taiwan, also pointed out that in 2021, 1%of the country's highest income accounted for the proportion of national income, Taiwan and Japan are 10%, South Korea is 12%, Singapore is 14%, which is far lower than the United States of 22.7%.

However, several sets of data released recently conveyed the alerts distributed.

More than 68%salary is less than the average

First of all, although Taiwan has raised its basic salary every year, the growth of nominal salary has been eaten by inflation, and even real -quality salary has retreated for two consecutive years.In November 2022, all employees average frequent monthly salary of 44,371 yuan (Taiwan dollar, about S $ 1900, the same below), an annual growth rate of 2.86%, a 22 -year high, but the inflation rate was 2.97%in the same period.From the month to November, the substantial regular salary decreased by 0.11%.The decline of 0.05%in 2021, even the first negative growth since 2017.

Secondly, the official announcement of the total annual salary of all employees in 2021 was 506,000 yuan (monthly salary of 42,000 yuan), an increase of 5,000 yuan compared to the previous year.However, the total salary average was 670,000 yuan (monthly salary of 51,000 yuan), an increase of 20,000 yuan over the previous year.The "average" is higher than the "median number", and the high salary represents a few people pulls the average.42,000 yuan.This also represents the expansion of the distribution gap.

Third, the distribution ratio of GDP in 2021, 43.03%of the employees, 36.53%of the operating surplus, 15.74%of fixed capital, and an indirect tax of 4.7%.This means that in economic cakes, workers are distributed less than half.In the mid -1990s, there were still 50%of the proportion of labor distribution, and then fell below 50%for a long time. In contrast, the capitalists swallowed less than 30%of the cakes in the early 1990s, and 36.5%in 2021 hit a record high.

The above mentioned that more than half of the employees in Taiwan are less than 42,000 yuan, which also means that if the general salary class wants to support the family, this family can easily become "poor households" -especially in Taipei with high living expenses.

"Poor households" are not in Taiwan's legal words. The government's official words are "low -income households" and "low -income households".Poverty in Taiwan is defined by minimum living expenses, that is, 60%of the median income from disposable income.The low -income household standard is: the total family income is average of the family population, and each person per month is below the minimum living expenses standard.The minimum living expenses standard in Taipei this year is 18,013 yuan (Taipei City is 18,682 yuan in 2021, and Taiwan Province is 14,230 yuan).

If the family of three rely on a median salary of 42,000 yuan, it will become low -income households (average of only 14,000 yuan per person).The salary is 26,400 yuan, and the per capita income is only 17,604 yuan, which is still lower than the lowest living expense standard of Taipei.If the couple of the family of three income 50,000 yuan each -this salary higher than the median is pretty good in Taiwan. The salary of college students in the graduate graduate is about 30,000 yuan.Poor offline.

As for the standard line of low -income households, it is 1.5 times that of the minimum living expenses, and Taipei is 28,500 yuan.In other words, if a family of three in Taipei City only relies on a person with a high salary of 85,000 yuan to raise a family, the family is still low -income households.

Isn't the social relief network set up by Taiwan for the poor?In order to prevent disadvantages, there are some strict and unreasonable regulations for low -income review standards.For example, those who are under 16 years old are under 65 years old, unless there is a reasons that can be proven, it will always be regarded as a working ability. When calculating the average income of the household, even if the unemployment is unemployed, it will still be calculated as a basic salary.This "virtual income" has increased the total income of the households, and may not be eligible for subsidy.

The concept of the

relief system for "family households" still stays in the imagination of traditional families."Total family income" includes other direct blood relatives of the same household registration or common life.In addition, there is a real estate limit. If the real estate of the family in Taipei exceeds 9.06 million yuan, it will be excluded.This restriction is very unreasonable. In Taipei with high housing prices, if a person who does not work or has a small income sells the only real estate that can be borrowed, his real estate income will exceed the standard of receiving assistance and lose the qualification.Opportunities, you can only eat the mountains.This is not a rational approach.Many poor people cannot receive relief because of house problems.

In 2021, the legal and poor population in Taiwan was only 1.3%(about 300,000), which was far lower than 16.7%of South Korea and 15.7%of Japan -the world is probably only known as "successful poverty", official data, official dataLower than Taiwan.Jian Xizhen, a convener of the Taiwan Anti -Poverty Alliance, criticized that this data is not real.If the ratio of the poor population in Japan, there are at least 3.5 million poor people in Taiwan; in other words, about 3 million poor people are excluded from being excluded fromIn addition to the poor, it includes the unable to pay the national health insurance premiums, national annuity, atypical (temporary dispatch workers) workers, and families who cannot afford a nutritional lunch fee for children's schools.

"Little Ferry" mentality generates illusion

The EU defines the most loose definition of poverty, and has no savings according to its "deprisioning index"; it can't afford to leave home for one week for one year; less than one time for two days of meat or fish;Can't afford rent or bills; houses cannot be heated; unable to pay for non -expected expenses; cannot afford to buy washing machines, cars, color TVs, telephones, etc. As long as the above four indicators are met as poverty.In contrast, the setting of poverty alleviation standards in Taiwan is full of anti -discharge thinking, and many people who need help will fall outside the Social Security Network.

The expansion of the rich and poor in Taiwan is also related to the transformation of the industry. The economic growth relies on capital -driven. The high -tech industry praised by relying on automated equipment is high.The epidemic fell into the tertiary industry, especially the middle -level employees of the tourism and catering industry was the most seriously injured. Some self -employed businesses also closed their business and worsened the distribution of income.

The gap between the rich and the poor has deteriorated, but the people are not deprived. On the one hand, because of other countries and regions, Taiwan has a high purchasing power parity (PPP), that is, in the same income, they can enjoy than PPP in Taiwan.Better country's better material conditions.On the other hand, "Little Fortunately" is a common mentality of young people in Taiwan. Bubble cafes, a food or a small trip can make them feel good.If you do not consider saving money to buy a house, a salary of 42,000 yuan can allow them to enjoy a little luck, and even have a "middle class" illusion.As everyone knows, if you care about it, you will fall into the abyss of poverty.

The author is a senior media person in Taiwan

The Lord of the New News of the Internet Media

Isn't the social relief network set up by Taiwan for the poor?In order to prevent disadvantages, there are some strict and unreasonable regulations for low -income review standards.The concept of the relief system for "households" also stays in the imagination of traditional families, and has a real estate limit. If the real estate in Taipei City's population exceeds NT $ 9.06 million, it will be excluded.Many poor people cannot receive relief because of house problems.