International roaming
The most likely interstellar travel mode of human beings is to send robots with high artificial intelligence to another galaxy with ion engines, plasma engines, nuclear fusion engines, and anti -material engines.
Recently, I went to the cinema to watch Avatar: Water's way. Some film critics said that director James Cameron seemed to pull the brigade to shoot on Pandora's planet.This is not only the high affirmation of the movie animation technology (CG), but also the real presentation of the details of the alien world behind the scenes behind the scenes.
In the movie story, the fictional world of Pandora is a satellite of the planet Alpha Centauri.South Gate II is a real galaxy, the galaxy closest to the solar system, only 4.37 light years from us.Therefore, Nanmen II often appears in science fiction and computer games.
Although the South Gate II is the neighbor of the sun, with today's science and technology level, it is impossible to travel to the south gate. In our generation, even the future generations are impossible.Human life is only 100 years old, and the spacecraft cannot send him to another galaxy in the life of astronauts.
American Japanese theoretical physicist plus Daoxiong in the future of human beings predicts that the most likely interstellar travel mode of human beings is ion engines, plasma engines, nuclear fusion engines, anti -material engines, etc., which will be highly highArtificial intelligence robots are sent to another galaxy.
Today's rockets use chemical fuel and oxidant. Once ignited, the two were mixed and burned, and a large amount of hot gas was sprayed out. The huge thrust produced pushed the rocket and spacecraft to the sky and flew away from the earth.
The efficiency of ion pusher is five to 10 times that of the chemical rocket, which can fly long and start the planetary trip.The National Aeronautics Aerospace Administration (NASA) has created an ion pusher. In 1998, the "Deep Space No. 1" detector that was promoted to the air was the first spacecraft to use an ion propeller.
Plasma pusher is a higher -efficient engine.In theory, it can shorten the flight time from the earth to Mars from the existing nine months to less than 40 days, but it needs a large amount of current to generate plasma, or even a complete nuclear power plant to maintain the planets in orderThe power required for travel.The plasma propeller is still in the experimental stage.
The engine that can expand the Star Tour is a nuclear fusion propeller.The National Ignition Facility of the National Lawnos Laboratory of California, California, USA announced in mid -December that the success of the "nuclear aggregation and ignition" was not only closer to the human dynasty nuclear fusion power generation, and it also moved towards interstellar travel.The nuclear aggregation propeller is close to a diced point.
Nuclear fusion is the principle of glowing and fever.The stars have countless hydrogen atoms such as the sun. The reaction of the two hydrogen atoms is nuclear fusion, which will produce neutron, 氦 atoms and huge energy.The successful hydrogen bomb that scientists were successfully tested in the 1950s were a kind of nuclear fusion.After the success of nuclear fusion as a weapon, scientists began to study the controlling nuclear fusion for power generation.
The controlling nuclear fusion is like installing the sun into the box.The Nobel Prize winner, Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, once said: "We said we will put the sun in a box. This idea is very good. The question is that we don't know how to make this box."
To control the nuclear fusion stably, it is definitely not easy.Scientists must apply great temperature and pressure on the two hydrogen atoms to promote them.This must first enter a great energy. The scientists cannot cross the energy that the output cannot exceed the input energy.Such a nuclear fusion has no commercial value.
According to the US Department of Energy, the success of the "nuclear agglomeration and ignition" of the country's ignition experimental facilities is the first time to achieve "net gain", that is, the laser energy of the output is greater than the inspiration nuclear fusion laser energy.
The vast majority of the media applauded this trial, while economists were critical.Economists reported that the laboratory requires great energy to generate laser. Some laser will stimulate nuclear fusion, and the other part will be wasted. The US Department of Energy does not publicize how much energy has produced laser.In other words, the energy of nuclear aggregation is probably lower than the total energy invested by laser.
Nuclear agglomeration power generation also faces other challenges, especially the extremely scarce fuel, because some of these fuels such as 氦 氦 -3, there are very few stocks on the earth, and can only be mined on the moon.
Nuclear agglomeration power generation has deeply attracted scientists, because nuclear fusion can produce huge energy, but it is almost no of nuclear waste, and it is easy to deal with even if there is an accident.Therefore, the prospects of nuclear fusion power generation are hopeful than changes in nuclear cracks.
Theoretically, the use of nuclear fusion pusher allows the spacecraft to reach one -tenth of the speed of light. It only takes more than 40 years from the sun to the South Gate.In other words, a person can reach the neighbor of the sun in his lifetime. Perhaps there is really a planet like Pandora, waiting for humans to develop.
However, scientists believe that even if the "nuclear aggregation changes to ignite" is really successful, it is not possible to succeed in 30 and fifty years before commercialization power generation;The dream that can be realized.
(the author is [email protected]. SG)
