Ming Pao News Agency
Last Wednesday (26th) was the 40th anniversary of the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. Perhaps it was the journey to the leader of the country. On the day, there was no commemorative event in Shenzhen.The 40 -year change can be described as a fish drinking water, knowing the warmth.From a small town 40 years ago, to today becoming a world -renowned city of Chuangke, the development of Shenzhen can be called a miracle. From the past, the road to the river who has touched stones in the past, to this demonstration area todayThe development of Shenzhen also reflects the development of the Chinese model.
From the header to the demonstration area
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On August 26, 1980, the 5th Standing Committee of the National People's Congress officially approved the establishment of a special economic zone.In the first 10 years after the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, it was officially positioned as the vanguard of reform and opening up. Deng Xiaoping wanted to play a window, management window, knowledge window, and foreign policy window.For the construction of a demonstration area with socialism with Chinese characteristics; 30 years ago, Hu Jintao, then the president of the country, would play a greater role in maintaining the long -term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macau, and promoting the peaceful development of cross -strait relations.Ten years ago, the State Council positioned Shenzhen's cities from central cities in South China to national economic center cities.Today, the latest goal set by the central government is the advanced demonstration zone of global cities and socialism with Chinese characteristics.
According to the official figures, in the past 40 years, Shenzhen's GDP (GDP) has increased from 197 million yuan to 26,92.709 billion yuan (RMB, the same below), an increase of more than 13,000 times;There are nearly 1,000 skyscrapers of more than 100 meters.Among the Fortune 500 companies in the world in 2020, Shenzhen has 8 companies, and the turnover and quantity are the top 20 in the world. There are still many cities such as Osaka, Toronto, and Houston., Tencent, China Recruitment, Ping An and other emerging technology and financial companies.In addition, Shenzhen also has a large number of large -scale well -known enterprises such as ZTE, BYD, DJI, and Huada.
Advanced and intelligent has become a distinctive label for manufacturing in Shenzhen. In the manufacturing industry, the proportion of advanced and high -tech added value has exceeded 71%and 66%, respectively; in the tertiary industries, the modern service industry accounts for more than 70%.In addition, Shenzhen's innovative enterprises are local enterprises, 90 % of R & D personnel are in enterprises, 90 % of R & D funds come from enterprises, 90 % of patents are born in enterprises, and 90 % of R & D institutions are in enterprises.Science and technology projects are borne by enterprises.Data from the WIPO of the World Intellectual Property (WIPO) showed that in the TOP100 list of global fintech patents in 2020, 5 companies in Shenzhen ranked among the top ten, of which Ping An ranked first in the world with 1,604 items.
In the early days of Shenzhen, it was just a large processing factory area. In 1987, it launched a policy that encouraged scientific and technological enterprises to promote the establishment of private science and technology enterprises. Only then of Huawei and Tencent's companies have thrived.At the beginning of the founding of Huawei, it was just a telephone switch. Before BYD built a car, it was a battery plant.Shenzhen's development is not smooth sailing. At the beginning of this century, the development of the bottle was also encountered. At that time, an article "Shenzhen, who was abandoned" shocked the local area.The industrial positioning of Shenzhen today's high -tech, logistics, finance, and culture.
Development is not smooth sailing
Try to attract talents first
The attractiveness of a city to entrepreneurs and talents is its foundation. At the beginning of the establishment of Shenzhen from the SAR, it was first tried to reform the traditional personnel, wages, household registration, land and other systems in the Mainland.The joint -stock bank China Merchants Bank, the first joint insurance company Ping An Insurance, the first joint venture of Nanshan, the first joint venture of China and foreign joint venture; Shenzhen is also the most developed city in the Mainland.He ranks first in various cities in the country.Therefore, in the past 10 years, Shenzhen has been in cities with the largest number of foreign population in the country for 8 years, and the proportion of highly educated talents has been one of the best in cities.
The Special Economic Zone established at the same time as Shenzhen is also the Zhuhai, Shantou, Fujian Xiamen and Hainan Island in Guangdong. Shenzhen can stand alone., Transferred to Shenzhen; later, the Hong Kong service industry moved north, and Hong Kong people went north to consume.Today, many places in Shenzhen have the mark of Hong Kong. Shenzhen's advanced medical services are introduced by Hong Kong. Hong Kong's colleges and universities also contribute a small number of Shenzhen development science and technology with few universities.
In 1978 before the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, the annual income of Shenzhen farmers was 134 yuan.Many years ago, in addition to the Hong Kong people's impression, in addition to the cottage mobile phone vendors in Huaqiangbei, it was the big name of the Dongmen, and the lamps and villages of the second milk and the second milk village of Sansha and one water.
When Hong Kong was established in 1998, Tencent was established when Hong Kong was established by Professor Pyrite, the University of California.At the time of Tencent in 2000, Xiaogeo Li Zekai invested 20%to solve Ma Huateng's urgent need. Unfortunately, after Li Yinhian, Tencent was about to sell all Tencent's shares, and the Creation Science and Technology Council later did not build a tree.Today, Shenzhen is no longer the cottage capital of Sanba, but on average, there are 5.6 national high -tech enterprises per square kilometer, and 51 invention patents are authorized by 51 daily invention patents.4%of China Silicon Valley, while the Hong Kong economy is still in traditional industries such as finance, real estate, shipping.Forty years ago, Shenzhen's GDP was less than 1%of Hong Kong. Two years ago, GDP had surpassed Hong Kong, which was indeed a sense of vicissitudes.
