Chinas support chip development review is inspired by Japan and South Korea'

Author: 澄 蒯 p

Source: Hong Kong Economic Daily

Huawei has suffered all aspects of the United States, and the Kirin chip may not be able to continue production, highlighting the dilemma of Chinese chips being subject to people.The Chinese government's development of domestic chips today, including launching a 10 -year tax -free plan to the semiconductor industry, and the history of the rise of the semiconductor industry in Japan and South Korea may be able to enlightenment.Training is indispensable.

In the 1970s, the Japanese semiconductor industry encountered two major shocks. One was under the pressure of the United States. In 1974, Japan was forced to open its semiconductor and accumulated circuit market, which made IBMs that have technically crushing advantages in Japan.In just one year, 40%of the Japanese computer market was occupied.

The second is that the Future System plan file in IBM is exposed, revealing that IBM will develop a 1M dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chip for the next generation of computers by 1980.At that time, Japanese companies still stayed at the technical level of 1K DRAM. The gap between this was not ten times, nor a hundred times, but 1024 times.

In this context, the Japanese government is determined to develop chips independently to narrow the gap with the United States.And from 1976 to 1979, a large -scale accumulation circuit plan (VLSI) was organized, which became a milestone in the development of the semiconductor industry in Japan.

It is planned to be connected by Japan -General Products. The five major companies of Japan, Mitsubishi, Fujitsu, Toshiba, and Japanese Electric, and the Electrical Technology Testing Room of the Ministry of Electronics in Japan, the Institute of Electronic Comprehensive Institute of Electronics and Computer Comprehensive Institute of Japan Institute of Industrial TechnologySupported, a total of 72 billion yen (approximately US $ 240 million) has been invested. The goal is to focus on superior talents, promote mutual exchanges and collaboration between enterprises, promote the improvement of the technological level of semiconductor and accumulated circuit, and catch up with the United States.

VLSI plans to become an important practice of Japanese official industry and academic integration. It organizes five competing computer companies and research talents in government and universities to work together.During the four years of the implementation of the project, a total of thousands of patents have been obtained, which greatly improves the technical level of the accumulation circuit in Japan, which has caused Japan's technical level in the field of microelectronics to drive together with the United States.

After the plan and subsequent funding plans, from 1980 to 1986, the market share of Japanese companies increased from 26%to 45%.The market share of American companies has fallen from 61%to 43%.In 1986, Japan surpassed the United States to become the world's first half of the conductor.By 1989, in the field of processor chips, the market share of Japanese companies had reached 53 %, and the United States was only 37 %.During the peak of Japanese companies, Japan's three companies in Japan, Toshiba, and Hitachi ranked among the top three in the world in the field of dynamic random memory, and their market share was even more than 90%.

On the other side, the Korean semiconductor industry began from the transfer of the US industry, but the government and enterprises did not satisfy this, but promoted independent research and development semiconductor technology, from imitation, R & D to independent innovation.

Among them, the South Korean government announced the six -year plan for supporting the semiconductor industry in 1975, emphasizing the realization of the localization of electronic accessories and semiconductor production.The South Korean government also organizes the DRAM chip development project of officials and civilians, that is, develop the DRAM industry through government investment.

In 1984, Samsung Company completed the R & D 64K DRAM chip. At that time, its R & D speed still lagged behind the United States for several years. In 1988, Samsung announced the completion of the design of the 4MDRAM chip. At this time, its R & D speed was only 6 months later than Japan;In the year, Samsung developed a 64M DRAM chip, and then began to supply large American enterprises such as HP and IBM, achieving the goal of catching up the United States and Japan in technology and market.Since then, Korean companies have been in the world's leader in the field of memory chips.

In addition, South Korean semiconductor companies represented by Samsung are good at using crisis to perform counter -cyclical operations.When the market is in a low tide, it expands its capacity, recruit talents on a large scale, and enhance technology, not only squeeze out those unable to support semiconductor companies out of the market, but also quickly occupy the opportunity after the market is warming.

Judging from the development experience of Japan and South Korea, the two countries were originally faced with the situation of technology controlled by people, but under the government led the independent independent research and development chip, the industry received sufficient financial assistance, close exchanges with enterprises and universities, and technical talents were valued.The market trend is accurately grasped and eventually achieves the rise of the semiconductor industry.

The new period released by the State Council in early August promoted several policies for the high -quality development of the integrated circuit industry and the software industry, and launched a total of 37 preferential measures to stimulate the development of the semiconductor industry and intend to break through the chip manufacturing technology industry industry industry.It also includes supporting the integration of production and education, talent, intellectual property rights, etc.Of course, when it is blocked by American technology, Chinese chips have to break through and get rid of the problem of the stuck neck. They need to be determined and more hard work.