01 Weekly
Author: Liu Li
There is a top club in the global science and technology community, with only four members, but attracts the attention of many countries. This club is the global satellite navigation system (GNSS).With the 30th and the last network satellite Beidou System, the 55th satellite in Beidou was successfully launched on Tuesday (June 23). China completed the deployment of the Beidou Global Satellite Navigation System (BDS) in advance.With the United States Global Positioning System (GPS), European Galileo, and Glonass, Russia, the four major satellite navigation systems in the world are constructed.As a rising star, Beidou independently developed by China is the satellite navigation system that is currently the fastest and is considered to be very likely to later.
2020 is the year of the end of the construction of the Beidou navigation system. As Beidou is fully in the space formation, it will provide the opportunity to provide global users with a complete all -day, all -weather, and high -precision global positioning navigation service.According to official information, Beidou has independent intellectual property and core technologies, and the localization rate of satellites and key components has reached 100%.
Source of the global satellite navigation system
In the 1950s, in the context of the American and Soviet heights, a struggle for ideology in the name of scientific research was quietly staged.On October 4, 1957, the first satellite Sprit 1 (Sputnik-1) in the history of human history launched by the Soviet Union successfully entered the track, shaking the Western world, and attracted the strong fear and anxiety of Americans, but the United StatesDr. W.Guier and Dr. G.WIEFFEMBACH of John Hopkins University found that because there is a relative movement between satellites and the ground, there is a Doppler frequency transition from the electromagnetic wave signal.The ground can be set up on the ground to calculate the running track of satellites based on different frequency differences receiving signals.They told the research results of the application physics laboratory, Frank McClure. The director was studying how to quickly know the specific location of the US Navy in the vast sea of warships. After hearing the report of the two, heIn front of you, since you can find where the satellites are, then if the problem is reversed, the satellite can find out where you are, and the problem of the naval warship positioning has thoughts.
This is the scientific origin of the satellite navigation system.Earlier, the U.S. Navy used the radio remote navigation system commonly known as Loraan, but the Ronland system has a limited scope of role, with a maximum of only 2,000 kilometers, and the positioning accuracy is also low.Density positioning.The U.S. Navy is keenly aware that the huge application potential of the use of satellite positioning has conducted a basic research on the naval navigation positioning system (NNSS) with the U.S. Department of Defense's Senior Research and Planning Agency (DARPA) since 1958.Satellite navigation system MDash; TTANSIT.On the basis of Ziwuyi Satellite System, the U.S. Department of Defense proposed the idea of studying a more advanced new generation navigation positioning system in April 1973, and the global positioning system (GPS) came into being.
At present, the global satellite navigation system is an indispensable major space information infrastructure that is indispensable for national security, economic and social development. GPS, which can provide users with all -weather navigation and time -service service globally, has been the boss for many years.Global revenue of 100 billion and trillion yuan.
Beidou shakes the world navigation pattern
After several unpleasant experiences of the navigation system, due to the navigation system, China began to explore the development path of satellite navigation system suitable for its own national conditions in the later period of the last century, and gradually formed a three -step development strategy: the first step was to be completed at the end of 2000 to be completed at the end of 2000The Beidou -1 system provides services to China; the second step is to build the Beidou II system at the end of 2012 and provide services to the Asia -Pacific region; the third step is to build the Beidou III system in 2020 to provide services to the world.
The Beidou system consists of three parts: space section, ground section, and user section: the space segment consists of several earth static track satellites, tilt Earth synchronous orbit satellites, and medium -round earth orbital satellites.Several facilities such as injection stations and monitoring stations, as well as the management facilities of the star links; the user section includes the chips, modules, antennas and other basic products of the Beidou compatibility of other satellite navigation systems, as well as terminal products, application systems and application servicesEssence
As a satellite navigation system independently developed and operated independently, the Beidou system broke the technical blockade of other countries to China.Although it started late, the little brother of Beidou grew rapidly. With the International Maritime Organization Maritime Safety Commission reviewed and approved the navigation security letter recognized by the Beidou satellite navigation system in November 2014, the Beidou satellite navigation system officially became the GPS and Glonass.Later, the third global satellite navigation system that provides services to the world's navigation users.
The Beidou system has four advantageous functions: short ago communication, precision time, accurate positioning, and system accuracy of the number of users. Its positioning accuracy, timing accuracy, anti -interference ability, etc. are equivalent to GPS, and the passive positioning and short newspaper articles with Beidou customsThe unique and unique skills of communication functions can be applied more widely than other navigation systems in field operations, emergencies and other scenarios.After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, other communication methods have failed. Only Beidou can keep in touch with the command center in the form of a short message.
The first three tracks of the Beidou system constituted a mixed constellation. Compared with other global satellite navigation systems, high -track satellites have more high -oriented satellites and strong resistance to obstruction. In particular, the performance advantages of low latitudes are more obvious. The system integrates navigation and communication capabilities.The interstitial link realizes star interconnection and star land interconnection. It has a variety of functions such as positioning navigation time, star -based enhancement, precision positioning, and foundation enhancement, which can realize the service capabilities of instant meal, rice grade, and centimeter of navigation positioning.Because Beidou and GPS are compatible, it ensures that its application scope is as wide as GPS.What is even more noticeable is that Beidou has taken the road of development for more than 40 years in other global satellite navigation systems with more than 20 years. Its construction has achieved two years of 17 arrows and 29 stars, high -density launching.Symbol of Chinese speed.
The heavy weapon of the great power cannot be subject to people
Beidou's goal is to become a world -class satellite navigation system. From the perspective of the vision plan, Beidou will also build a comprehensive system that is more general, more integrated, and smarter before 2035.
For a long time, GPS in the United States has monopolized Chinese civilian positioning services that are closely related to daily life, such as e -commerce, social networking site positioning sign -in, searching nearby services.Once the United States shuts down GPS services in China, it will cause great chaos in China, and it is even more fatal in the military field.
At the moment when the structural changes in China and the West have deeply affected the world, the game of China and the West in the fields of manufacturing, technology and other fields has inevitably incorporated the macro narrative scene of the times.Since the opening of the Sino -US trade war, the described theory and civilization confrontation theory have been very loud, and structural confrontation between China and the United States has spread from the trade war to high -tech fields represented by 5G and chips.In recent years, the United States has frequently attracted Chinese companies such as ZTE and Huawei. Through a series of containment tricks such as disconnecting supply, a sharp blade was pierced to the heart of Chinese high -tech enterprises.If Chinese companies do not have spare tire plans such as chips and operating systems, even Huawei, who is the world's largest telecommunications equipment manufacturer, will be fatal by the United States.Everyone in the past is the sequence.These actions in the United States prove that China is in the field of major countries such as navigation systems, adheres to independence, and the necessity and foresight of the principles of self -reliance.And lingering.
Since the service of the Beidou system, it has been widely used in the areas of transportation, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, hydrological monitoring, meteorological reporting, communication time, power scheduling, disaster relief, and public safety.The use of terminal manufacturing, location services and other manufacturers, widely entered the Chinese mass consumptionFees, sharing economy and people's livelihood.According to the data, more than 70%of China's newly accessible smartphones have provided Beidou services.
When developing its own satellite navigation system, China is also developing other pure military capabilities such as reconnaissance, monitoring, command, and assisted.In recent years, Beidou has become an important means of informatization, not only embedded in various large weapon launch platforms, but also widely used in single -soldier reconnaissance and team operations.Some British media lamented that the Beidou system is more secure and reliable, which will increase the precise blow ability of the Chinese military dozens of times.
As China ’s largest, most coverage, and the highest performance requirements so far, the Beidou system is unlikely to completely replace the American GPS, but it is obvious.The satellite navigation system of this world has changed, and it will change not only this rivers and lakes.
