On October 14 last year, Chilean President Pinela was compared with the financial and political turbulence in Chilean and Latin America when he was interviewed by the Financial Times.He said: Argentina and Paraguay have entered a recession, Mexico and Brazil are stagnant, and Peru and Ecuador are experiencing a deep political crisis.In this regard, Chile looks like an oasis.Pinella wrote later that he would do his best to fall into populism.
However, the price increase in San Diego City, San Diego, caused several months of turmoil and confirmed that Pinela was over optimistic.On December 23, Pinela announced on April 26 this year to hold a citizen vote to decide whether to modify the constitution of the military government.The referendum was held for half a year due to the crisis crisis.
Since May of this year, Chile has continuously innovated the number of new crown disease diagnosis every day, and the epidemic curve has changed from smoothly to steep.The people of the capital launched a demonstration due to dissatisfaction with food shortage and unemployment. The mobs even robbed the gas stations and settled the buses in the city center.Residents of poverty and middle -class communities knocked on pots and pans to protest, and the authorities sent troops to riot.
Chilean cases provide three theories for academic circles to reflect on political economics.First, Albert O. Hirschman, a political economist who died in 2012, was a Trickling-Down Effect in 1958.The theory believes that the government can improve the overall economy on the rich people's tax cuts and provides preferential treatment policies, which will eventually make the poor class in society improve their lives.The theory opposes the gap between the rich and the poor in the society with taxation methods, and also the rescue of the poor, but is often used to ridicule the supply faction or free market.
However, in the first section of the first ancestor of the Gospel published on November 26, 2013, the Catholic Pope Francis, the sin and church must assist the poor for the sin of capitalism and the church to explain their views.And strongly criticize the trickle economics.
Pope pointed out that some people continue to defend the theory of trickle. This theory assumes that the free market encourages economic growth and will inevitably bring greater justice and tolerance to the world.This one has never been confirmed, expressing its primitive and naive trust in the economic power and the current economic system that wielded.At the same time, those excluded are still waiting.
He believes that groups that have an impact on economic decisions always make their efforts to benefit themselves, not to serve the poor; call for reforms to reform the poor financial systems outside.
The second is the battle for development models.Since the 1980s, Chile has maintained a faster economic growth for more than 30 years, leaving the threshold of 10,000 US dollars defined by the secondary income trap.In 2010, Chile joined the Economic Cooperation and Development Organization (OECD), known as the wealthy country.In 2018, Chile's per capita income exceeded $ 15,000.However, Chile is also the country with the largest gap between the rich and the poor in the member states of the co -Organization.Therefore, some people described Chile's turmoil in this economic coup.
After Chile was invited to become a member of the Economic Organization, Professor Han Qi, Latin American Research Center of China Nankai University, said: In the past 20 years, Chile's modernization experience is that emphasizing the transformation of politics, economy, and society.Correctly locate the role of the government, the market and society, enable the three to perform their duties, form interaction, and coordinate the development of HelloP; HelloP; Chile's modernization with its long -term democratic tradition and unique historical heritage.Chile's modernization experience has important reference significance for other developing countries.
However, he also pointed out that if compared with other developed countries, Chile still exists such as poor education quality, high Gini coefficients, low social flow standards, and unequal opportunities. There is still a long way to go.The Chilean turmoil that continues to the second half of last year is a dispute over the development model.
The third is the changes in corporate social responsibility.Jorge Heine, a professor at the University of Boston, believes that one of the reasons for Chilean turmoil is the public frustration. The culprit is the privatized pension system established at the end of 1980.
This is to mention the social responsibility of an articles published in the New York Times Magazine in 1970 from an economist Milton Friedman. It is said that the Social Responsibility is to Increase ITS PROFITS.That article pointed out that the goal of business operators is only one, that is, to obtain the greatest interests for shareholders, and the CEO should not worry about providing work, eliminating discrimination or avoiding pollution.
The company's senior executives do not have the freedom to do whatever they want, and they are just employees hired by shareholders.If they use their money to do charity in their spare time, it is okay.But at work, they must blame the maximum benefits to shareholders.He even believes that those CEOs who are worried about employees and society are advocating pure socialism.
In March of this year, the Financial Times commented that before the 2019 coronary virus disease affected the economy of various countries, business leaders had promised to promote a new type of capitalism with more humanistic care.The commercial round table meeting representing some CEOs of the largest corporate in the United States said last year that it will abandon lsquo; shareholders to the top of rsquo;The creed has drove capitalism over the past 50 years.On the contrary, enterprises should consider other stakeholders.This may be that capitalism should learn from Chile's turmoil.
The author is a professor at Taiwan Zhili University of Science and Technology
Director of the Latin American Economic and Trade Research Center
Director of the Chinese Strategy Society
