Billionaires may be different from those of us.But they have different ways to get wealth.Generally speaking, they are divided into two categories: innovators and heirs.
The top ten billionaire in the United States is the most striking point that most of them are innovatives.Some of them founded their own technology companies, including Amazon's Jeff Bull; Jeff Bezos, Microsoft's Bull Bull; Bill Gates, Google)Larry Page (Larry Page) and Sergei Bull.
The founders of these billionaires accumulated wealth from the amazing rising market value of their company's stock.Today, Microsoft and Amazon's respective market value exceeds the sum of the 30 largest listed companies in the German DAX index.This is the victory of Da Technology Corporation and Xinfu.
In contrast, many richest billionaires in Europe are old and expensive.Their median is nearly 20 years older than the US billionaire.Usually, they come from the heir class and won the Life Award for their old -fashioned industries, real estate and retail empires.Sunday Times (Sunday Times) released in the UK last week, including several royal heirs, real estate giants and foreign oligarchs.
Among the top ten, there is still the position of Duke of Westminster VII. He is the heir to the real estate empire and the Duke's territory created by Queen Queen Victoria in 1874.Only the richest James Bull on the list; James Dyson, like a real American innovator, he created his own business wealth.
This model of creating wealth is in line with people's stereotypes, that is, American capitalism is full of vitality, and in the backward Europe, rental is prevailing.However, will this story turn?As far as wealth creation is concerned, is Europe becoming increasingly American, and the United States becomes more European?
Tomas Bull, a professor at the New York University School of Business at New York University; Thomas Philippon (The Great Reversal) believes that the United States has abandoned the free market and EuropeEventually embraced the free market.Twenty years ago, American aviation travel, telephone service and Internet access were much cheaper than Europe.Today, due to the phenomenon of power concentration of American companies, and at the same time, the competitiveness of a single market in Europe is increasing, and the situation is exactly reversed.
This trend is conducive to European consumers, and theory shows that intensified competition should promote innovation.But even if the ingredients are now prepared in Europe, the three dishes may not be automatically out of the pot.
Philipon believes that the European market dynamics is undoubtedly developing in the right direction, but the speed may be too slow.He said: This is a bit like predicting that Brazil is the future country MDASH; mdash; and it will always be the future of the future.I am worried that the situation in Europe is a bit similar.
The billionaire class in other parts of the world is more energetic. The most obvious is China. The accumulation of consumer Internet wealth there is similar to the west coast of the United States.Peterson Institute studied data on Forbes's global billionaire rankings in 20 years. As a result, we found that wealth is increasingly created by itself, not inheritance, and under development, and under development, it is developing.The creation of Chinese family wealth has shown a strong momentum.
However, the paper published in 2016 also pointed out that the loss rate of billionaires in the United States is declining, indicating that extreme rental is emerging in certain economic fields, especially in the field of resources and financial.In this sense, the United States may really become more European.
One of the authors of the paper and the current director of World Bank; Caroline Bull; Caroline Freund said what happened is what happened when a kitten becomes a cat.She said: As long as these billionaire companies are young, dynamic and expanding, there is no problem, but at some time, they want to protect what they have, and there will be problems at this time.
Considering the epidemic of new coronary virus pneumonia (COVID-19, that is, 2019 coronary virus disease), I think the problem is particularly serious.What we are likely to see is that excessive proportion of small and medium -sized enterprises closed down, so large enterprises will become more dominant.
Although the United States has extraordinary innovation ecosystems, Felipon believes that if the United States wants to continue to cultivate world -class companies and innovative billionaires, it must implement stricter competitive policies and reform campaign financing.
The vitality of an economy not only depends on how much entrepreneurs can accumulate a lot of wealth, but also depend on how easy they are to lose wealth.
Translator/Pei Pan
