Liu Cheng and Zhong Chunping: Under the influence of the United States, other Western countries have decreased during the Sino -US trade war, and have shown a certain tendency to choose a side selection team.

Recently, the Sino -US trade dispute has continued to upgrade, evolved from economic and trade frictions to scientific and technological warfare, and has a trend of development towards civilization.Today, with the deep integration of globalization, it is difficult for other Western countries such as Europe, Japan, Australia, and other Western countries to be alone, and even the concerns of two new cold war broke out in the world.How Western countries choose to stand by the Sino -US trade war constitute an important external environment in the trade war and deserve close attention.

1. The United States draws three cards from other Western countries

In the international order after World War II, especially after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the United States has long dominated the global economy, politics, and diplomacy.The main chips that US, Japan, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and other western camps are performed as follows:

First, American values.The United States has always advocated values such as freedom, democracy, and human rights, and promoted the Washington model with the privatization of property rights and political elections to countries in the Middle East, Latin America, Africa and other places.However, after Trump accidentally elected the President of the United States in 2016, a series of policies were implemented with universal values, such as withdrawing from the UN Human Rights Council.The Western people have a sharp decline in the favor of the US president and the American people, and US values are suspicious.However, due to long -term education and cultural influence, Western people often adopt similar perspectives and criteria that are similar to the United States when considering problems, and their views on international affairs and conclusions are more similar.

Therefore, although American values have suffered setbacks in Western countries, they still have a strong foundation for public opinion.A survey by the Pedou Research Center in 2018 found that Europe's recognition of the United States is still much higher than China.

Second, safety defense.The security defense of the United States for Western countries is mainly manifested in three aspects.The first is the cross -Grand Ocean security cooperation framework MDASH; MDASH; NATO, which is largely that the United States is defending European territory, and there are many US military bases and troops in Europe.Second, information intelligence sharing MDASH; MDASH; Five -eye alliance, consisting of intelligence agencies in the United States, Britain, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, and sharing with each other.Third, military defense and exchanges between Japan, South Korea, Australia and other Asia -Pacific regions.

It can be seen that the main western civilization areas rely on the United States in terms of security.Although Trump launched a trade war and even violated the values that consistently adhered to, Europe and other regions have been strengthening their self -defense capabilities, but it is impossible to leave the United States in the short term.When the United States requires these countries to take common actions in the name of security, they either obey or neutrality, and it is difficult to take opposition.

Third, the long arm is jurisdiction.In fact, the United States has long -arm jurisdiction, that is, many domestic laws can be applied to the world, such as US sanctions Iran, and the world's multinational companies (as long as they have direct or indirect business in the United States), they dare not do business with Iran, otherwiseIt was sanctioned by the United States.To a large extent, the United States can require domestic companies, multinational companies with branches in the United States, multinational companies with business in the United States, and multinational companies with business exchanges with American companies to implement US domestic regulations.Even some international regulations that are not good for the United States (such as the WTO and some current rules of the international court) have threatened to modify or exit.

After Trump unilaterally withdrew from the Iranian nuclear agreement, although the European side stated that it would still support the Iranian nuclear agreement and ensure that European companies participated in economic and trade activities such as Iranian oil, finance, but because of concerns about US sanctions, almost all European companies have withdrawn from all of European companies.Iran market.After the conflict has been upgraded to a certain degree, the United States may also adopt sanctions such as oil embargo, financial warfare, and cut off the US dollar transaction to fully block the economic activities of other countries.Today, with the increasingly integrated global industrial value chain, the U.S. long -arm jurisdiction has been further expanded. Therefore, it is difficult for other Western countries to stay outside or keep a significant distance from the United States, which will largely take the same or similar pace as the United States.

2. Preliminary situation of Western countries selection team

Under the pressure and drawing of the United States, other Western countries have reduced the space for the Sino -US trade war, and have shown a certain tendency to choose a side -by -side standing team.

Europe insists on globalization, but has tightened economic and trade censorship in China.European surface opposes US unilateralism and against globalization, but it actually takes similar actions to the United States.European countries such as Britain, France, and Germany have tightened the judicial review of foreign companies (especially Chinese -funded) to enter their high -tech, financial industries and engaged in infrastructure construction, and increase the entry threshold.In 2018, Britain sanctioned ZTE with the United States, and recently did not make a final decision on the Huawei issue.In terms of WTO reform, the European Union and the United States jointly proposed to cancel the identity of China -developed countries in China and reduce some benefits to developing countries.

Based on these proposals, in the future global trade, developed countries will no longer need to take care of developing countries, especially super -large developing countries like China, and various economies will be equalized to each other to conduct fair trade with each other.At the same time, Europe believes that the Belt and Road Initiative should adopt universal international rules. In Western European countries, only Italy and China have signed a memorandum of understanding of the Belt and Road Initiative.It can be seen that European approach is not as naked as the United States, but to limit the economic and trade activities of China by modifying the rules.

The Asia -Pacific countries have their own interests and ideas, and they have a lot of differences.Unlike the organization and leadership of the European Union's unified agencies, Japan, Australia, Canada and other Asia -Pacific countries have their own politics.Australia, Canada, and New Zealand have a strong attitude towards China, showing high consistency with the United States.Japan and the United States have different trade differences in car tariffs, and Japan and China have closer economic and trade relations. Therefore, Japan has not performed too much.Let the United States dispel the idea of adding cars.

3. Policy suggestions for China

First, do not force Western countries to choose a team.The Sino -US trade war should be resolved as much as possible. At present, there is a large gap between China and the United States, and China is still on the rise, and the cost of fighting with the United States is large.If you have to upgrade as a last resort, you need to maintain economic and trade relations and scientific and technological cooperation with Europe, Japan and other.You can't use your energy to use it, forcibly ask the other party to choose to stand by the Chinese and American.The Sino -US trade war cannot be called civilized conflict, and it cannot be opposed to Western civilization.It may be counterproductive to deal with the United States with rare earths to deal with the United States.

The formulation of unreliable entity list and technical security management list must not only have open and transparent rules, but also try to avoid mistakes against European, Japanese and other companies.In short, it is necessary to open and inclusive, mutually beneficial and win -win, and build a community of human destiny.

Second, strengthen the depth and breadth of economic connection.The reason why Britain has not stated on the Huawei issue is precisely because Huawei's participation in the British telecommunications market is extremely high, and almost all British telecommunications companies use Huawei's telecommunications equipment.Abandoning Huawei will cause heavy losses in British companies, and the British 5G market will step back for several years.At the same time, using Europe and the United States to provide more support for Europe and the consensus on economic and trade issues in terms of differences in globalization, multilateralism, and Iran nuclear agreement.Stabilize Japan and South Korea, increase the import of technology products, and sign a long -term procurement agreement.

Third, expand friendly relations with Africa, Russia and other.Accelerate the construction of the Belt and Road, allow more projects to land in Asia and Africa, tap the market potential in the future, and enhance the room for international economic and trade.Strengthen economic, trade and political relations with Russia.Strengthen the construction of the international united front, increase the number of friends, reduce the number of enemies, and win the support of international public opinion to justify Trump's support.

Fourth, encourage more individuals and private companies to go out and expand overseas investment.Through overseas investment, obtain greater development space.We should constantly try to relax foreign investment control and foreign exchange control, do overseas markets in individuals and private enterprises, and expand national income.

(Note: Liu Cheng, an associate researcher at the Institute of Finance and Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; Zhong Chunping, a researcher at the Institute of Finance and Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. This article only represents the authorPersonality.Responsible for the mailbox [email protected])