Author: Tu Baiyi
Source: Hong Kong 01
On September 7, 2020, the Indian army crossed the line into the magic artillery mountains on the south bank of the south bank of the Ban Gonghu of China -India border, and the sound of guns that had been reduced in 1975 to fall. Serious friction caused China to defense on September 4th.After the Minister Wei Feng and the Indian Defense Director Rajnath Singh met at Moscow, the two foreign ministers had to talk on September 9.However, considering the process of conflict between the Sino-Indian border since this year, it is always caught in conflict-negotiation-temporary ease of ease-the dead cycle of conflict again. Therefore, whether China and India can get rid of this fighting situation is not optimistic.
This kind of dead cycle quietly sprouted as early as the Chinese People's Liberation Army entered Tibet, because the ambitious Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964) intends to inherit the strategic concept of British India and will be in Tibet and McMarma.McMahon Line is regarded as India's ban.Therefore, although India quickly recognized the government of the People's Republic of China, Nehru touched the parliament in 1950 that our map shows that the McMahon line is our boundary. No matter whether there is a map, it is our boundary line.This is a fact. We insist that this boundary line does not allow anyone to cross it. At the same time, it is also preaching the historical boundaries. It is believed that the border of India is formed for thousands of years.Other countries have doubts about this historical boundary, which must be the sovereignty of India.
In fact, Nehru also knew that this one -sided word could not be accepted by China. In 1951, Qu also acknowledged that although India and Tibet have always fulfilled the agreement (referred to as the Similla Treaty), the Chinese government has not officially signed it, soTake a two -handed strategy, hoping to put pressure on the other side to secretly occupy the territory and send troops to capture Darwon, Langjiu and other places.When the People's Liberation Army entered Tibet, India forced Bhutan to prohibit the export of grains such as rice to Tibet, and then suddenly raised 30 % of the tariffs on Tibetan wool. In 1952, it was announced that it would implement export control to Tibet, trying to force logisticsCan't stand firm in Tibet.In December 1953, Nehru also claimed that China would definitely be the garrison in hellip; hellip; but the number of garrisons at first they would have to be reduced; due to the difficulties of their existence, the troops would have to retreat.
Sure enough, the inconvenience of mobilizing supplies made the Beijing side have to restore trade with India's negotiations. As a result, Nehru wanted to take the opportunity to sneak into territorial disputes, but cunningly refused to propose.In May 1952, Nicru instructed the ambassador to China to China, Kavalam Madhava Panikkar (1895-1963): We have clearly stated in the parliament that these boundaries must be maintained.We don't ask this question ourselves, which may be some benefits.As a result, after the two countries signed a trade and traffic agreement between China and India's Tibetan local and India in China and India, which aimed at solving economic and trade issues, Niru actually advocated that this also brought a solution to the territorial disputes that did not specifically discuss the discussion at all.: According to our policies and our agreement with China, we should think that this boundary is firm and clear, and cannot be discussed with anyone.A series of border posts should be established along the boundary, especially in places where there may be controversial, the outpost of the border must be established -even if China insists on there is still many border issues, such as the status of Ladaka, the Sittita status, the so -called McMarmaThe problem of flooding needs to be resolved.
Therefore, when China continued to promote the construction of Xinjiang and Tibet, India stated that it was an aggression and began to conflict with the PLA.Nehru complained to Zhou Enlai in December 1958: Regarding the border issues of India, you will remember that when the China -India Agreement on Tibet, China is concludedThe impression we get is that there is no border dispute between the two countries, and it is emphasized that because our border is very clear, it is not a controversial issue.The issue of division that did not discuss with the traffic agreement gave rationalization into a non -controversial border, which naturally caused China to refute.However, Nehru still insisted that the planning of the map of my country about the boundaries of China -India not only has natural and geographical characteristics, but also in line with tradition, and is affirmed by the international agreement. A small border problem needs to be resolved.
Zhou Enlai recounted that as you know, LSquo; LSquo; Mcma Hong Line RSQUO; It is the product of Britain's implementation of aggression policies in Tibet, China, and has caused great indignation in China.Legally, it cannot be considered legal.I used to sue you that it has never recognized it for the Chinese central government, but Nehru still refused to accept it, and even insisted that I did not expect that the People's Republic of China would have been impossible to argue to our opinion for decades.India, and some parts for more than a hundred years belong to India's 40,000 square miles of territories, and put forward requirements.
Although Zhou Enlai suggested that the army's army withdrew each other and held the prime minister -level talks to solve the problem, the Nahru supported by the United States and the Soviet Union refused to accept it.Go to New Delhi.As a result, during the six -day talks, Zhou Enlai and Nehru always couldn't get consensus, and when Zhou Enlai left, Nehru immediately attacked reporters at the airport that the Chinese entered the territory of our country.Promote similar arguments.Then in 1961, India formulated a forward strategy, determined that we should advance in accordance with the actual situation and effectively occupy the entire border area.If there are any gaps, you must make up for patrol or establishing a post.
India's behavior of whether to talk or not, when you talk about solving all problems, and send troops to occupy the land, and the United States and the Soviet Union constantly encourage Nehru, which makes India constitute one of the surrounding circles for China, forcing ChinaDon't consider counterattack with tough means.On October 8, 1962, shortly before the Sino -Indian war, Zhou Enlai pushed to the Soviet Ambassador to China, Stepan Vasilievich Chervonnnko (1915-2003): Over the years, we have been holding a nosimonic attitude to restrain the attitude.They infringed our territory and killed those who wounded us. We never attacked, did not attack, did not attack, and never fired.They believe that the Chinese can bully, and now they have prepared two brigades to attack.Once they launch an attack, we will resolutely defend themselves.
Mao Zedong also announced in the conference that we had troubled with the Indian border disputes for many years. We didn't want to fight. We originally wanted to resolve it through negotiations.EssenceIt seems that it is not possible now.Finally, on October 20, 1962, the PLA launched a counterattack, which would exaggerate to hit the last person. The Indian army of the last gun fled, which made India dare not underestimate China for the time being.
This also shows a truth: Whether it is fighting or fighting, strong comprehensive national strength is the basis for protecting negotiations and aggression.Therefore, India's current hidden attempts to repeat the strategy of repeating the Cold War and emphasize that they are victims, it is inevitable to think of the past in 1962.
