Zhu Ying
On June 15, 2020, China was a key day for China to sue the US and the European Union's alternatives to the United States and the European Union.
On December 12, 2016, China initiated a lawsuit of the case; March 2017, China asked the WTO to establish an expert group ruling in accordance with the rules; on June 17, 2019, China filed a suspension of case lawsuits to the World Trade Organization.According to the relevant rules of the World Trade Organization, the authorization of the expert group should be invalidated after 12 months of work; that is, on June 15 this year, the case that China sued in the China side did not require the expert group to resume work on June 15 this year.
The decision of this case means that the United States and the European Union can fight against China and continue to use the domestic market price of a alternative country. Compared with the export price of Chinese export products, it is concluded whether there is a dumping conclusion; it also means that on the issue of anti -dumping issuesChina is still a non -market economy country.
Since 2016, China's external economic environment has deteriorated.The United States and the European Union not only regard China as a non -market economy country on anti -dumping issues, but also regard China as a non -market economy country in terms of economic systems and call it national capitalism.In terms of economic system, China is the seriousness of non -market economy countries and far surpasses the issue of anti -dumping, because the United States and the European Union are brewing a series of economic rules against the Chinese non -market economy.
First, the United States, Europe, and Japan in the multilateral field, brewing international rules for non -market economy.Since 2017, the United States and Europe have issued a joint statement many times to explore the formulation of new international economic rules and respond to non -market -oriented policies and practices.
On May 31, 2018, the third joint statement in the United States, Europe and Japan pointed out that the three parties confirmed the non -market -oriented policy and practice in the attachment, which led to serious overcapacity, workers and business constituents in market economy countries, unfair competitive conditions, hinderingThe development and utilization of innovative technologies, and destroying the normal operation of international trade, including the current rules failed.
On February 20, 2020, the United States submitted a proposal to the WTO's importance of market -oriented conditions to the world trade system.Essence
In the final analysis, these eight elements are to ensure that the enterprise operates under marketization.The price is determined by the market; freely determines the capital allocation of the enterprise according to the market signal; the enterprise can freely obtain the relevant information and use it as the basis for its decision -making; the company's market -oriented decision -making is anarchy without government intervention.Obviously, these conditions are targeting the economic model led by the Chinese government.
According to the current state of the WTO, new international economic rules can no longer be brewed.The United States and the European Union are using free trade agreements to form new international economic rules, such as the Cross -Pacific Partnership Agreement (CPTPP) evolved from the Trans -Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP), and evolved from the North American Free Trade ZoneThe USMCA Trade Agreement (USMCA) has formed new international economic rules.
Among these two agreements, the rules formulated by state -owned enterprises are aimed at the operating characteristics of Chinese state -owned enterprises. For example, there are regulations on non -commercial support in USMCA, that is, state -owned enterprises that prohibit the production and sales of goods (except electricity) (except electricity)Provide the following business support (does not involve services), for example, a state -owned enterprise that is a state -owned enterprise that is a state -owned or state -owned or state -owned enterprise of the party or the state -owned enterprise on the edge of bankruptcy or on the edge of bankruptcy and is unable to trust in a reasonable time, and providesNon -commercial support.
Second, the United States and Europe formulate non -market economy rules for China through bilateral and unilateral channels.The negotiations between the China -US bilateral investment agreement and the China -Europe bilateral investment agreement are both the United States and the European Union's way to restrict China's non -market economy behavior; it is precisely because China is unwilling to accept economic rules imposed by the United States and the European Union, which leads to these two.The negotiation of the agreement has not achieved results so far.
The China -Europe Bilateral Investment Agreement held 29 rounds of negotiations, and the latest round of May 29 endlessly ended.The negotiations are huge on issues such as equal opportunities and market access.On the issue of equal opportunities, the Chinese government refuses to weaken the important position of state -owned enterprises and reduce subsidies; in terms of market access, the EU should discuss issues such as the cumbersome regulations of the Chinese government and the social credit system.These issues will actually block foreign companies outside the Chinese market.
The United States and Europe cannot sign a free trade agreement or investment agreement with China, and the United States and Europe seek unilateral channels to fight against China.With the help of a series of domestic laws, the United States has challenged China's economic system.The EU's methods are not as tough as the United States. It is difficult to obtain the recognition of the EU member states, but at least in terms of policy intentions, the EU has gradually formed policy measures for China's non -market economy.
For example, on June 17, the European Union announced a white paper that created a fair competitive environment in foreign subsidies.The white paper outlines the reason for solving foreign subsidies, a typical example of foreign subsidies. These subsidies have destroyed the fair competitive environment of the EU's internal market, analyzed the existing legal text of foreign subsidies, and discussed the problem of supervision.The White Paper hopes to help European companies better respond to unfair competition from foreign countries, especially Chinese companies, and intend to develop new policy tools to deal with foreign companies that enjoy state subsidies and compete with EU companies in the EU market.
If the European Union's design policy and measures in accordance with this white paper will definitely lead to frequent frictions in the fields of Sino -European trade and investment.The Sino -US trade war has not yet ended, and the prospects for trade and investment between China and the European Europe are not optimistic.
Third, from the perspective of China, adherence to the basic economic system of Chinese socialism has not shaken.The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China will be tied for public ownership, distributed by labor as the main body, and the socialist market economy system as the basic economic system of socialism.There is also a premise that does not need to be proved under the leadership of the party.
The basic economic system of socialism is obviously different from the Western market economy system.China has never announced the market economy road, which is shaped according to the Western model.China can absorb the economic side of the Western model, but it must not accept the tendency of the market economy to have rejected the party's leadership and advocate economic liberalization.The market economy is only a means of developing the economy in China, not the destination of the economic system.Therefore, China should not ask Western countries to recognize whether its economic model is a market economy, and it is enough to rely on institutional self -confidence.
However, the degree of openness of the Chinese socialist market economy has always been dissatisfied with Western countries.EU Trade Executive Committee Phil Middot; Hogan said on January 20, 2020 when talking about the China -Europe bilateral investment agreement that the EU market is basically open and may be the most open in the world.The implication is that the Chinese market is not open.
In June, the business confidence survey issued by the Chinese EU Chamber of Commerce 2020 pointed out that so far, European companies have not seen a comprehensive reform of the entire Chinese market.On June 22, China -EU leaders held a remote summit. Feng Delin, the chairman of the European Union Executive Committee, said after the meeting that China and the European Union must complete the negotiations of the investment agreement, and China must have greater determination.
Isn't the Opium War in 1840 just to open the portal?After 180 years, China still cannot integrate into the world system dominated by the West.On the other hand, the black cannon incident opened the Japanese portal. Japan embraced Western civilization in an all -round way and could maintain the traditional Eastern culture.China's attitude towards Western civilization reflects the cultural genes behind the Chinese system.
The author is a professor of economics at Shanghai Normal University Business School
In terms of economic system, China is the seriousness of non -market economy countries and far surpasses the issue of anti -dumping, because the United States and the European Union are brewing a series of economic rules against the Chinese non -market economy.
