Written article: Wu Zhenzhong

George Floyd, a black American, has recently spread from the United States to Europe.Among them, the largest demonstration appears in Britain, which is the same source of history, culture, and religion in the United States.London, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Cardiff and other cities all have large and small anti -racial discrimination demonstrations.Why does the issue of racial discrimination also make British feel the same?

The issue of racial discrimination in the United States has a long history, originated from the slavery and trade of North American colonial periods hundreds of years ago.In terms of historical background, British racial issues are not very similar to the United States. Its era background can be traced back to the post -war reconstruction and colonial independent movement of the 20th century.Immigration.

The arrival of post -war immigrants

In 1945, after the end of World War II, Britain urgently needed to rebuild and promoted the recovery of domestic industrial.The British Nationality Law adopted in 1948 greatly increased the possibility of colonial residents to live and work in Britain.

In 1949, the Royal Population Committee, which was responsible for evaluating the post -war population trend at the time, also issued a report saying that the government could not be reserved to welcome immigrants with good assets to the UK.

In this way, since the 1950s, the British government has actively encouraged people from the Commonwealth countries to immigrate, not only supplementing labor, but also hoping to maintain a friendly relationship between the Commonwealth world under the trend of colonization (after the war, the UK has been unable to maintain all over the world all over the worldThe colonies are directly administered).

A large number of colonial residents from the Caribbean, India, Central South Peninsula, Africa and other regions came to the UK to engage in different labor industries.Some immigrants with better economic conditions choose to be business or engaged in professionalism.

For example, after Britain withdrew from India and in 1947, it was a large number of nationals from India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh (at the time) (then called East Pakistan); and Muslim immigrants in Myanmar and Muslims in the Middle East, and expanded British non -white ethnic groups.

At that time, Hong Kong, which was a British colony, was also one of the sources of immigrants in the 1950s. Many of them were New Territories.

Ruan Zhi's centennial change in the border between China and Hong Kong: From the beginning of Shatoujiao Lian Lian Lian Matkeng Village, it is mentioned that based on the development of the Hong Kong British government at the time, the development of the New Territories and building buildings were built.At that time, the British immigration policy was loose (especially as the Hakka of the original residents, and it was closely related to the British military). Many New Territories chose to move to the UK.

In the 1950s, many Chinese groups moved to Britain, many of them were New Territories.Later, during the 1970s and 1980s, the people moved to Britain due to the uncertain future of Hong Kong, which greatly expanded the scale of the British local community.

The gap between white and non -white people

For decades, immigrants from different ethnic groups have reached the United Kingdom to supplement grassroots labor, or expand their local diversified economy through business.However, between white people and other non -white people, there is a gap.Some of the radical nationalists and right -wing parties, such as the British National Party, emphasize the superiority of white British people and oppose immigration.At that time, non -white ethnic groups such as Chinese, African, and Hindu were still discriminated against.According to the online information of the British National Archives, a questionnaire survey that had been conducted in the 1960s showed that four -fifths of the British interviewed at the time said that too many immigrants were allowed to enter the country.

Later, in response to the people's conditions and labor supply, the British government had revised immigration policies many times for many years.For example, in 1981, the British Nationality Law was amended, and a number of British citizens was established to tighten the guidelines for overseas people to obtain British citizen's qualifications and residency rights.

In the past ten years, British citizens have more serious differences in foreign immigrants.Some British people with Britishists have a self -superior British identity, and they are tough for receiving the positions of immigrants from Middle East and North Africa. They believe that the country has no obligation to retain the refugees of war;It has the responsibility to jointly bear the burden of immigration with European countries, and is committed to creating a modern righteous society with ethnic equality and race integration.

The two of them have a very different attitude towards the acceptance of North Africa and the Middle Eastern refugees, so that the people of British spectral people will re -pay attention to racial issues derived from immigration.As a result of Brexit, the help of immigration factor is quite obvious. Among them, Eastern European immigrants and workers who are also mainly white are also white people.

Race and class division have always existed

Sometimes discrimination is not limited to language or behavior. It can deepen the social class and form institutional discrimination.For a long time, the social inequality between the white group and the ethnic minorities still exist, and it is reflected in the gap between class and the rich and the poor.For example, in London, the racial boundaries between regions are still like, and the barriers of slums and rich areas are clear.Many immigrants or descendants, especially African and Muslim immigrants, are still living in areas with dense population and poor public order in East London and South London.The level of education in district schools is relatively high. The new generation of local immigration descendants born in the area, and the opportunity to flow upwards is also low.

In recent years, racial discrimination disputes involved in police rights have been repeating in the UK.For example, in 2011, the black man Jimmy Mubenga was violently suppressed and killed by three security personnel on the plane parked at Henne Airport.The investigations were sentenced to innocence in hellip; hellip; these are just one of the examples. For many years, many similar incidents have been provided, which has intensified public opinion disputes on racial discrimination.

The Freud incident only once again resumed the British's attention to the long -standing racial issues.In fact, in the United Kingdom, there is already the same type of fire. The flame of the United States has stirred a thousand waves, and eventually it was burned on the other side of the Atlantic.