Hu Yuexiao: The relocation of enterprises is not terrible. On the contrary, it also prepares conditions for the local economic transformation; but the road to enterprises is still not fast enough. What is the reason?
The change in the stage of economic development will inevitably bring economic structure changes.
The foreign investment law adopted by the China Conference to the world shows the world's further open attitude to China.The Chinese economy must go to the steps and further openness, which must be two -way, that is, both open to the outside world, but also to provide convenient conditions for Chinese companies to go out. This is an inevitable requirement for economic development.
In the 40 years of reform and opening up, China's per capita GDP has grown from $ 385 in 1978 to $ 59,660 in 2017; the per capita national income increased from 200 US dollars to $ 8,690 in the same period.The laws of economic growth and economic development experience in the world show that when China enters a middle -income country from a poor backward country, the model of economic growth will be transformed from factor expansion to efficiency improvement, that is, economic structure adjustment, industrial transformation, and technological innovation, etc.The effect of improving the efficiency will significantly improve the role of economic development.
From the perspective of economic structural transformation, China is currently facing the dual tasks of the movement of old industries and the movement of new industries.At the beginning of China's economic development in the early days of reform and opening up, China was poor and backward at that time, and China undertook a large number of labor -intensive industries; when the Chinese economy entered the stage of transformation and upgrading, the needs of economic growth such as industrial upgrading, which requires that China will not require that China will not not.Labor -intensive industries with international competitive advantages are transferred.
In addition to rising labor and land prices and no longer supporting the development of labor -intensive industries, the policy orientation of industrial improvement also makes a large number of original labor -intensive industries strongly felt the change of policy MDASH; mdash; the original support policy disappeared in large quantitiesPolicies are becoming more and more unfriendly.Specific performance such as: increasingly stricter labor employment conditions, environmental protection requirements beyond corporate tolerance, disappearance of fiscal and tax preferential conditions, and financial support for financial support environment.It can be said that in recent years, it has deeply felt that China's business environment has deteriorated and has many complaints about China's development environment. It is this kind of enterprise that needs to be transferred!
From the perspective of China's economic transformation and industrial upgrading, the migration of Chinese companies in recent years is not too much, too fast, but too few or too slow!Enterprise relocation can obviously make the domestic economy development, create a cage and bird change conditions, so that the limited space resources of economic development have been re -used, and the reorganization of domestic resources and improvement are achieved.In fact, a large number of ordinary manufacturing companies, especially labor -intensive enterprises, are a bit of a taste of Chinese economic development!Except for individual places, most places are obviously no longer in international competitive advantages. Although they all seek to transform and upgrade, they have little effect.Due to the lack of rapid development of the tertiary industry such as the service industry and the high pressure of social employment, they have to guarantee such enterprises.
Specific to individual enterprises, due to the differences in market environment, production technology, business conditions, etc., there may be companies that meet the direction of industrial upgrading to foreign countries, such as a glass manufacturer.Based on their own development, such enterprises have unique personalized needs for the business environment, and global layouts and global operations are the operating needs of this type of growing into transnational large groups!The relocation of such enterprises is essentially different from a large number of small and medium -sized enterprises that were the mainstay of the regional economic activity of the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta region.
Therefore, the relocation of Chinese enterprises is not concerned about the deterioration of the operating environment and the prospects of economic development by some people.In the 2019 business environment report released by the World Bank on October 31, 2018, China's 2018 ranking rose sharply in 2018, from 78th in 2017 to 46th, and entered the top 50 in the world.Economy.It can be seen that China's current enterprise relocation is more about the natural needs of economic transformation and industrial upgrading after economic development to a certain stage.Regarding the prospects of economic development, the author has always held the following views: China's economic transformation will experience the bottom of the bottom.The reason why there is a long period of time is lingering because the molding of the new industrial system and the economic structure takes a long time, so the economic growth experience of the economic transformation decreases MDASH; mdash; walking MDash; MDASH;There will be two turning points and 2 transition periods.Since 2012, China's annual growth rate has been running in a narrow range of (6.6, 7.7) for 7 consecutive years.The author believes that the end of China's economic growth in 2018 is approaching the bottom of the bottom. With the focus of supply -side reform, the focus of the supply side is gradually deleted by deleveraging mdash; MDASH; supplementing shortcomings MDASH; MDASH; reduction of cost reduction, investment will gradually rise, and China's economy operation will be operated.The stable and rising growth pattern has become increasingly clear.
In terms of economic and government relations, due to the differences in traditional habits and development paths, the construction characteristics of the Chinese government are more obvious.Regional competition is one of the important factor in the long -term vitality of China's economy.It has always been focused and proficient in attracting investment in China. However, for the relocation of enterprises, it is basically in a state of neglecting, which can be seen from the public opinion on the side of the enterprise's migration.
It can be seen that the relocation of enterprises is not terrible, but also prepares conditions for the local economic transformation.Enterprise relocation will not make the local area a rust area. Enterprises cannot be relocated or unable to turn. In the end, when this phenomenon is universal, the local economy will rust!Judging from the proportion of China's high -tech products and mechanical and electrical products, the transfer of traditional labor -intensive industries (such as ordinary textile manufacturing, shoes, toys, etc.) such as general manufacturing industries such as general manufacturing industries such as general manufacturing industries such as ordinary manufacturing industries is quite necessary.From 2000 to 2009, China's export medium-to-high-tech products and mechanical and electrical products accounted for all exports, which increased from 57.1%to 90.7%, and then maintained a slight fluctuation of 90%up and down, of which the lowest in 2014 was 84.2%.Obviously, the importance of accelerating the elimination of backward industries and accelerating industrial transfer that does not have international competitive advantages is self -evident. This is actually an important part of China's current production capacity.
However, even if there is the support of the country's Belt and Road policy, China's industrial transfer and corporate relocation are still not fast enough, and they are still far away.Move slowly, mainly affected by the following factors:
Entrepreneur's mother country complex.This is not only uncomfortable with the strange environment abroad, but also the need for personal emotional psychology.Chinese culture pays attention to the return of Yi Jin to the countryside. After successful, it continues to expand in different places. It is very involved in the expansion of different places. Whether it is investment or working, it is usually helpless to leave the hometown.
Management capacity.Although the Chinese economy has achieved great achievements, in the face of the Human environment that has a large difference in Western region in the Western region of the general manufacturing industry in the general manufacturing industry in the general manufacturing industry, Chinese companies are not very strong in overseas operations.This directly restricts the relocation of Chinese companies.
Industrial supporting capabilities.Although China has gradually disappeared, the industrial system has gradually disappeared, but its industrial system has been improved. For decades of development, it has formed supporting supporting capabilities in the world.After 2000, the rapid development of industrial clusters and industrial agglomerations in various regions of China, accumulating its own industrial chain advantages in global competition.In various places, the global market promotes industrial agglomeration and promotes industrial agglomeration with core enterprises as a starting point.Regardless of whether overseas is the Belt and Road countries along the Belt and Road Initiative, or as a Western country in the market, the supporting facilities for the relocation of China's foreign relocation industry are not enough.Unless there are sufficient large -scale labor, land and other resource elements, the difference in endowment and the gap between supporting capabilities makes a large number of Chinese companies move out of the way.
In order to accelerate the transformation and upgrade of the Chinese economy, China must provide services for enterprises to relocate foreign relocation, just as attracting investment promotion in order to cultivate emerging industries.First of all, at least the threshold for setting up the outflow of the enterprise (in reality, there are many obstacles to the transfer of enterprises, such as strict tax check -up and supervision and upgrading); second, the national level must be strongly developed with the regional region of the destination to accelerate the Chinese economy and overseas economy.The integration of China allows China's industrial supporting capabilities to extend to overseas; third, the internationalization of the RMB is promoted in an orderly manner, creating a good currency environment for Chinese companies;Finally, the relocation of enterprises must be combined with the improvement of domestic industrial chain and structural adjustment.In short, the author believes that insisting on reform and opening up is not shaken, maintaining the concentration of China's outgoing development, and changing the direction of China's economic globalization development from overseas environmental changes.
Note: This article only represents the author's own point of view.Editor of this article Xu Jin [email protected]
