等 平: How does income inequality affect mental health?

次 邰: Internal levels show the correlation between mental health and inequality of income, pointing out that people in the inequality society not only physically illness, but also psychologically affected.

In the past ten years, some institutions have released fascinating mental health data.Some reports pointed out that the degree of mental depression in the Western world is generally growing, and it is more controversial that the degree of mental depression of various countries is significantly different.

According to the World Health Organization, almost a quarter of Americans are in trouble, and this ratio of Australia, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Canada is about one -fifth.In Japan, this proportion is less than one -tenth, and Germany, Spain, and Italy are so mdash; MDash; much lower than the United States.

how so?Anthropologists may blame them on different concepts of different cultures for individualism, happiness and self -expression; economists may attribute it to different commercial motivations: countries where private enterprises are profitable through selling antidepressants, such as the United States, such as the United StatesThe more people who have self -testing or being diagnosed as tension, anxiety or depression, the more business opportunities.

If the Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett, Richard Wilkinson and Kate Bull; there is a explanation: income is inequality.Their Spirit Level published in 2009 claims that high income inequality in Britain and the United States and other countries is related to its worse physiological health, more frequent violent events, and lower productivity economy.

Since then, Wilkinson and Pitkt have extended their arguments.Their inner level claims that people in the inequality of people are more physiological and psychologically affected in unequal society.Residents of these society are more vulnerable to problems such as chronic stress, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and addiction.

Wilkinson and Pitkt used the World Health Organization's survey results, as well as a report from Lancet Psychiatry, which collected data from 27 independent research, showing the correlation between mental health and income inequality.In these two data, the United States and Japan each ranked both ends.

Then, they showed the high -correlation between the income modes and problem gambling, child behavior problems, bipolar disorder, and even self -improvement of bias mdash; mdash; that is, exaggerating self -importance.Similarly, income inequality is related to the advertising costs of enterprises; MDASH; MDASH; Wilkinson and Picct attributed it to the stronger consumerism caused by status anxiety in unequal revenue in the United States.

Wilkinson and Pitk believe that the deterioration of mental health in countries in inequality not only affects the poor, but also affects the rich (although the influence is much lower).Despite the unprecedented material comfort, we are still in the burden of pain and mental illness.They said so and called for new policies to implement inequality in these countries.

Some readers do not believe it.The correlation does not mean causality. The theory of Wilkinson and Pitkt also has disadvantages. One is that it is difficult to accurately measure mental health.For example, some people think that stronger consumerism is not a bad thing, nor does it feel that status anxiety should be compared with depression and bipolar disorder.

However, despite these doubts, it is stupid to ignore Wilkinson and Pitcht's arguments at all.This is by no means the only book that emphasizes these problems recently.In fact, a large number of books on this debate have emerged recently. The positions are left, right, and right, which shows that many Americans have the psychological pain, family division, and social pressure.

These problems are especially among poor communities.I read Janesville, Evicted, Hillbilly Elegy, and Coming Apart, and they could not do not feel deep sadness and anger for these tragedies, and they happened in the United States that like this in the United StatesA rich country.Since then, Wilkinson and Pitkt have extended their arguments.Their inner level claims that people in the inequality of people are more physiological and psychologically affected in unequal society.Residents of these society are more vulnerable to problems such as chronic stress, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and addiction.

Wilkinson and Pitkt used the World Health Organization's survey results, as well as a report from Lancet Psychiatry, which collected data from 27 independent research, showing the correlation between mental health and income inequality.In these two data, the United States and Japan each ranked both ends.

Then, they showed the high -correlation between the income modes and problem gambling, child behavior problems, bipolar disorder, and even self -improvement of bias mdash; mdash; that is, exaggerating self -importance.Similarly, income inequality is related to the advertising costs of enterprises; MDASH; MDASH; Wilkinson and Picct attributed it to the stronger consumerism caused by status anxiety in unequal revenue in the United States.

Wilkinson and Pitk believe that the deterioration of mental health in countries in inequality not only affects the poor, but also affects the rich (although the influence is much lower).Despite the unprecedented material comfort, we are still in the burden of pain and mental illness.They said so and called for new policies to implement inequality in these countries.

Some readers do not believe it.The correlation does not mean causality. The theory of Wilkinson and Pitkt also has disadvantages. One is that it is difficult to accurately measure mental health.For example, some people think that stronger consumerism is not a bad thing, nor does it feel that status anxiety should be compared with depression and bipolar disorder.

However, despite these doubts, it is stupid to ignore Wilkinson and Pitcht's arguments at all.This is by no means the only book that emphasizes these problems recently.In fact, a large number of books on this debate have emerged recently. The positions are left, right, and right, which shows that many Americans have the psychological pain, family division, and social pressure.

These problems are especially among poor communities.I read Janesville, Evicted, Hillbilly Elegy, and Coming Apart, and they could not do not feel deep sadness and anger for these tragedies, and they happened in the United States that like this in the United StatesA rich country.

Not only a book.The trend of thought in politics also has a widespread sign of signs.In recent decades, the US political discourse is biased towards the default as long as the income inequality can stimulate competition, innovation, and progress. It is the relatively beneficial side of the American dream.Donald Bull; Donald Trump attracted the helpless labor class. His huge wealth not only did not drag his hind legs, but also part of his reasons: he used wealth as a symbol of success to inspire others.

But the left-wing member of New York Alexandria Bull; Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez) mdash; mdash; she called for increasing taxes to reduce inequality mdash; mdash;New discussion.The presidential election in 2020 is approaching, and the attention of this issue will only be intensified.

As for how to deal with this problem, as usual, people hold their own words.Political rights call for a stronger community relations and religious beliefs, and the left school sought economic re -distribution.At least, the inner level of this book effectively reminds us that we should put this problem in the countryUnder the inter -context, we also remind us that the debate on inequality is not only related to money.

Translator/He Li