Fake News: Welcome to the era of ＂unbelief＂

Copper: Since the Brexit referendum and Trump have entered the White House, we no longer trust political parties and social media, and deep fraud may further make us doubt everything.

It is difficult to understand how naive we were in 2016.In the spring of that year, when I first saw the slogan of the Brexit Movement Mdash; MDASH; we gave 350 million pounds to the European Union every week. We should use this money to fund NHS (British National Medical Service System) mdash; mdash;At that time, I was shocked.I thought it must not be wrong, because you won't post a fake slogan on the ticket bus, right?At that time, few people heard the word fake news.

Don't worry, Brexit: I have no intention of re -igniting the fire on the issue of Brexit referendum in 2016.More precisely, what I want to discuss is how the relationship between us and the language has changed.Today, with the acceleration of technology progress, the times have changed faster and faster.In just two years, most people have learned the lessons that no longer believe that anyone outside of the private circle of friends (this is a bad news for those who make a living in our writing).Few people will believe if the Brexit now makes a commitment to NHS.But once everyone doubts everything, how can they let themselves understand the world?

In 2016, most people no longer trust the media and political parties.However, many people still believe in friends and populists on Facebook.Donald Bull; Donald Trump, especially self -advertising a truth.When he warned Mexican immigrants to be a rapist to participate in the president, he was deliberately breaking a speech taboo: the signal he issued was that he would say something that elites taboo are deep, and like all populists, like all populistsHe will bring jokes.In his words: I have the best language.

But since then, no one believes even populist speech.A poll conducted by the USC DornSife/Los Angeles Times last month that only 19%of Americans believe that Trump is a source of justice and trusted information.This ratio is only 55%even among voters who may support Republicans.Trump's supporters often say that they like his policy, but hope he will give less tweets.In addition, he has become boring.No performers can maintain a two -year and 24 -hour full -media performance.He published about special prosecutors Robert Bull; Robert Mueller's views on his political persecution became more and more old -fashioned.

At the same time, in the United Kingdom, the theory of Brexit has collided with reality: it turns out that the British could not even recapture the Conservative Party's control.Similarly, Italy's populist government has proven that borrowing more money will not make everyone richer; it will only increase borrowing interest rates.Just as populists are no longer trusted, after fake news has caused panic, information on Facebook is no longer trusted.The Digital News Report of the Reuters Research Institute said that since 2016, the proportion of the population to obtain news in many countries has been declining, among young people in the United States, this proportion has decreased by 20 percentage points.

Many people only believe in what relatives and friends say.Point -to -point information transmission may help determine the results of the mid -term elections in the United States in November.Especially in developing countries, more and more people have obtained news from Facebook's encrypted communications application by Facebook.On WhatsApp, you can only communicate with users you have a phone number, which makes people feel like a private dialogue between friends, a more private circle than Facebook.

In Brazil, the country with the highest degree of inconsistency on network information worldwide, almost all Internet users have WhatsApp.Nearly half of the Internet people obtain news.But many of the news sent by friends are fake.Prior to the second round of the Brazilian presidential election on October 28, Brazil's WhatsApp was full of various false rumors: for example, the Socialist candidate Fernando Haddad's campaign partner Manura Bull; DavidManula Drsquo; AACUTE; Vila participated in the action of stabbing the polar right -wing candidate Jair Bolsonaro last month.

If you hear such news from a friend, it will become credible.Even a video that is said to show former Brazilian President Lulla Bull; Lul Da Silva published a rough editing video of non -patriotic remarks can be passed on the Internet, although almost any young man can do thisEssenceThe factual verification company AOS FATOS's Barbara Bull; Baacute; Rbara Liboacute; Rio) warned that many Brazilians would vote based on unbelievable information.In Brazil or other places, a WhatsApp political scandal will erupt in 2018 or 2019, which is comparable to the Facebook scandal in the United States in 2016.Then, once people realize that their friends have been scattered to themselves, even the most intimate relationships will taste.

A communication consultant told me that the customer asked him now: How can we persuade those who do not believe in anything?This is a problem facing our time.His answer is: Give them experience.Let them test drive, or spray perfume because people still believe in the evidence they feel.After all, the popular gold standard about the truth is that I see it with my own eyes.As the Internet -based Internet is dominated by video, people's eyes become particularly important.In the past 20 years, people have mainly used notebook computers to send text information, and now people mainly use mobile phones to send images.The younger generation does not like to use Facebook, they prefer the picture -based Instagram (also owned by Facebook) and Snapchat.

But it won't take long they will not believe their eyes.Soon, the manipulator using artificial intelligence will make deep fraud videos. These videos look completely real, but in fact, this is not the case: For example, a presidential candidate is a speech on the surface.Pedestrians.

Deep fraud may cause us into a era of questioning everything.In fact, the Italian scholar Weeke Bull; Umberto Eco pointed out this problem more than 20 years ago: the real problem is hellip; hellip; not to prove what is false, but to prove that the real object is real.No one will be able to determine what is true.Many people don't even care.