International Special Special
The world has not got rid of the crown disease. Nowadays, many European countries, the United States, Canada and other countries have always appeared only in the popularity of acne in China and the West, causing many people to change the epidemic.Experts point out that the risk of most people infected with monkey acne is very low, and the current dissemination cases will not become a major epidemic disease in another paralyzed world.Nevertheless, the atypical spread of monkey acne virus highlights the need to strengthen the prevention of future epidemics and monitoring human and livestock disease.
In March last year, the NUCLEAR Threat Initiative (NTI) conducted a desktop exercise to simulate monkey acne on the Munich Safety Conference in Germany.In the simulation situation, terrorists release the genetically modified Monkeypox virus to the fictional country Brinia. The virus spread to all parts of the world.47,000 people.The artificial virus infection rate and death rate in the exercise are high, and they are still resistant to vaccines.
However, in reality, interpersonal spreads are not prone to monkey acne virus. Most of the patients will heal themselves within a few weeks. In case of an outbreak, there are effective vaccines and prevention and control measures.
Since the first case of monkey acne was discovered on the 7th of this month, there are about 20 countries outside Africa that more than 200 countries have notified more than 200 monkey acne diagnosis or suspected cases, but there are no cases of death.The World Health Organization (WHO) pointed out that it is unusual in many non -influx countries at the same time, but the situation is controllable, and there is no evidence that the virus has changed.Experts generally believe that monkey acne is unlikely to be as popular as crown disease, and people do not have to panic.
It is not clear the source of the infection of monkey acne cases in many countries, but experts point out that global trade and travel activities have increased, making the virus further spread. In particular, the current large -scale coronary epidemic prevention measures for crown diseases have been made.More opportunities.
In the past, individual non -acne pop countries also had sporadic cases, but in recent spreads, it is known that patients have not traveled to the popular travel area of monkey acne.Some experts have speculated that the epidemic may be driven by the "super communication incident".David Heymann, an expert in infectious diseases, pointed out that the virus may spread through the sexual behavior that occurred at the large -scale carnival activities of Spain and Belgium.
From the 5th to 15th of this month, Gran Canaria, Spain, held a large homosexual party. Several participants were diagnosed with the infection of monkey acne. The official investigation party was related to their infection.From the 5th to 8th of this month, Antwerp, Belgium, also held a large -scale carnival event. The event organizer said that foreign tourists may bring the virus to the event.
Health officials pointed out that most of the patients in Europe are men who have had homosexual behaviors in recent times, but anyone may be infected by intimate contact with infected people, their clothing or sheets.
Hyman said: "It is likely that someone is infected, develops lesions in the genitals, hands or other body parts, and then transmitted to others when sexual or other intimate limbs contact. Then, the virus spreads through these international activities through these international activities.Go to the world, including the United States and other European countries. "
The close relatives of the world's in -depth removal of monkey acne in 1980 also given more room for spreading monkey acne virus.Anne Rimoin, a popular diseaseist at the University of California, said: "There is advantages in everything you have. Eliminating one pathogen may be the transmission and manufacturing space of another pathogen."
ceiling vaccine also has a protective effect on near -parent monkey acne, but the world has stopped vaccination as early as 450 years ago, which means that most people now lack immune to monkey acne.The report released by the Dutch researcher in February this year pointed out that due to the end of the ceiling vaccination, some monkey acne cases in some monkey acne countries have risen in recent years.
Another point of view believes that monkey acne virus may have been spread quietly in other regions for some time, and after the "training" of the crown disease epidemic, scientists and medical workers are now more alert to the symptoms of infectious diseases, and the response is more rapidly.This is one of the reasons for the concentration of recent cases.
Experts: Entering a larger scale of people and animal affected diseases
Climate warming has more environmental changes that cause more contact with others and animals, and may also be related to the spread of monkey acne virus."I think we have entered a period of more and larger the scale of human and animal diseases," said Matt Aliota, the head of human and animal infection.In the occupation of animal habitats and contacting them, such incidents are increasingly occurring. "
Alya pointed out that the rare spread of monkey acne virus may mean that the virus has undergone unknown changes, which highlights the importance of strengthening the virus monitoring."If we know which wild animals carry viruses and track the transmission of viruses in the wild, we are at least one step actions faster than the virus."
At present, the Alya team is conducting related research, including understanding whether the coronary virus is spread between animals such as Case and Black Bear.He pointed out that scientists have found coronal viruses in other animals, and each new species carrying viruses may change the virus and become a new variant of concern.
Michael Ryan, executive director of the WHO Health Emergency Project, also said that in response to monkey acne and other neo -disease primary, it not only requires vaccines and drugs, but also needs to understand the ecological environment of the virus.Food storage methods have made corresponding changes.In the country of popular monkey acne, the virus is mainly transmitted to humans from the infected animals in the process of dealing with spectacles.
He said that in recent years, the scope of monkey acne cases has expanded, and at the same time, China and Western Africa are also facing greater climate pressure. Humans and animals are adapting to the environment for survival, and even for food resources."We need to understand human behavior in these areas and try to prevent viruses from spreading to humans from the source."
Jonathan Ball, a Professor of Virus, Professor of the University of Nottingham in the United Kingdom, warned that infected with intervention in Chinese and Western Africa, infectious diseases such as monkey acne would also appear in more developed countries.
The first experimental monkey is famous monkey acne natural host is still unknown
Monkey acne and smallpox and acne belong to the orthopoxvirus, but the toxicity is much weaker than the ceiling.Monkey acne was named after the "monkey" because it was discovered on the experimental monkey in 1958, but monkeys are often carried by viruses after being infected. So far, scientists still don't know which animal is the natural host of the monkey acne.Monkey acne virus has also been found on some rodents such as marmot and squirrels.
In 1970, the first case of human infection was discovered in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.At present, WHO has listed 19 African countries as monkey acne popular countries.
Monkey acne virus has been spread outside Africa in the past, but generally only a few cases, and local communication is limited.For example, in 2021, a British three -in -law infected monkey acne virus, of whichOne person has reached Nigeria, which is popular in monkey acne.
The incubation period of monkey acne virus is usually six days to 13 days, with a maximum of 21 days. Symptoms include fever, headache, lymph node enlargement, muscle pain, severe fatigue, etc.Rasal is also a major symptom of infection. It usually starts from the face and then spreads to other parts of the body. It is often mistaken for chickenpox in the early stage of onset.
Monkey acne virus mainly includes two branches of China -Africa (Congo Basin) and West Africa.China -Africa strains have a strong transmission, which will lead to more serious diseases, and about one of each of the 10 infected people will die.West African strains have a mortality rate of about 1%, and the general symptoms of infected people are mild, but the intensive risk of severe cases such as children, pregnant women, immunoagers and other groups.Preliminary analysis shows that the current case is infected with a mild West African strain.
From the perspective of monkey acne communication, human and animals are mainly human contact with infected animals, such as their body fluids, secretions, and blood; interpersonal communication is mainly through blood and body fluids. Due to the short spread of air tract drill, it is necessaryFor a long time, face -to -face contact can cause infection, which greatly limits the "efficiency" of people who pass on people with acne virus.
According to recent cases, monkey acne may spread through sexual contact, but scientists point out that regardless of whether the patient is infected with sexual behavior, intimate contact is one of the key to virus transmission.Michael Head, a global healthy researcher at the University of Southampton, said: "No evidence shows that this is a sexually transmitted virus like the disease of love. Intimate contact during sexual behavior, including longer skin contact, may be virus transmission may be virus transmission.The key factor. "
Monkey acne has effective prevention and control tools
The current R0 value of monkey acne virus (R-NAUGHT VALUE, the average number of infected viruses infected by a infected person) is lower than 1, which means that any epidemic will subspenically.In comparison, the data released by the Medical Genome Center of Lamatopodi Hospital in Thailand in Thailand. The average R0 value of the Omikon strain is 8 to 15, which is after the measles (R0 value is 15 to 18)Viruses with the second highest transmission value in the world.
Experts point out that monkey acne and crown disease are different viruses. When the crown disease starts up, people do not understand it. Monkey acne is a known disease, and there are effective prevention and control tools and measures.In addition, crown disease can spread without symptoms and invincible. Patients with acne can develop skin lesions, which is more helpful to prevent and control the spread.
Small ceiling vaccine to prevent monkey acne efficiency of 85%
Monkey acne is a self -limited disease. Infected people are generally cured naturally within two weeks to around. At present, there are vaccines and drugs that prevent monkey acne.Unlike the crown disease vaccine, it is different. The inhibitory epidemic inhibitory generally only needs to adopt the "Ring Vacination" strategy, that is, the high -risk group of high -risk people who have intimate contact with the diagnostic persons.
Studies have shown that the effective rate of ceiling vaccine to prevent monkey acne is as high as 85%.WTO has 31 million doses of old ceiling vaccine inventory, and there are more than 100 million doses in the United States.This vaccine may also lead to rare but severe side effects such as myocardial inflammation. It is not suitable for those with low immune function, and may even lead to death of patients with eczema.
In 2019, Jynneos (also known as IMVANEX or IMVAMUNE) from Bavarian Nordic, Bavarian Nordic, Danish Corporation, was approved by the United States for high -risk people over 18 years of age to prevent smallpox and monkey acne.Bavaria and Nordic said that dozens of countries have called for the inventory of the vaccine, and the company plans to increase its output.At present, Modner, a crown vaccine producer, is also exploring the development of specialized monkey acne vaccines.
In terms of treating monkey acne, TECOVIRIMAT (also known as TPOXX) was approved in Europe to treat smallpox, monkey acne and acne in Europe earlier this year. The United States has previously approved it to treat smallpox.This drug was developed by US pharmaceutical company Siga Technology.The company revealed that some European countries intending to purchase this drug.
In June last year, the United States also approved the use of antiviral drug Brincidofovir (also known as Tembexa) to treat smallpox.In animal experiments, this medicine is also effective for other acne virus that is closely related to smallpox.
must be set up with a new institutional regulatory virus sample leak
Europe and the United States and other countries maintain ceiling vaccine and drug inventory, mainly to deal with potential biological weapons attacks.Although the smallpox has been eradicated, the two laboratories in the United States and Russia still have virus samples.The British media recently quoted a former Soviet scientist as saying that Russia had tried to transform monkey acne and create new biological weapons.
A few years ago, the U.S. government scientists discovered the forgotten ceiling virus in a refrigerator, highlighting the risk of accidental leakage of the virus.In the desktop exercise of the nuclear threat initiative last year, monkey acne virus was created in laboratories with insufficient biological safety regulations and supervision.The association pointed out that a new institution must be established to strengthen the safety supervision of laboratory to prevent such crises from occurring.
People who have passed the crown patients are more sensitive to rumors
The fake news about the source of the monkey acne and various conspiracy theories spread faster than monkey acne virus.The desktop exercise of monkey acne has been regarded by some people as the "evidence" of the current epidemic, and some Chinese netizens also point their finger at the US government.But in fact, experts in various fields often perform such sand tables to strengthen response capabilities.
Another conspirator uses monkey acne epidemic to incite anti -vaccine emotions.They claim that countries that occur in the case of monkey acne using the coronary vaccine of Astraikon and Johnson & Johnson, and these two vaccines will "inject the chimpanzee genome into human cells and order these cells to copy."Scientists point out that this statement is not foundation. These two vaccines will not inject the chimpanzee genome into the human body and cannot be copied in the human body.
Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, who has always supported vaccination and research and development, has also become the goal of conspiracy theorists.The Republican Republican member Marjorie Taylor Greene said earlier on Facebook: "Gates pays great attention to monkey acne because he and partners can make a lot of money from them." On Twitter,#Billgatesbioterrorist (Bill Gates is theBiological terrorists) once became a popular label.
Tang Jisheng, vice chairman of the Hong Kong Medical Council's license doctor association, pointed out that the news about the previous infectious diseases will not spread so fast, but now it is very fast on social media, which makes people feel scared and panic.The so -called "one dynasty was bitten by a snake, and was afraid of well rope for ten years." After the crown disease, people became more sensitive to such news.
