All other citizenship is potentially dependent on some kind of right to acquire the truth.For example, unless the judges ensure that the jury obtains as much information as much as possible, or the right to get a fair trial of the jury, it is impossible to talk about it.More widely, the truth depends on the endless discovery process supported by law and institutions.

A series of conspiracy theories triggered from the attempts of former US President Trump to the U.S. billionaire Musk Polar Right Wing.Zhou will have new false information spread online.The truth is being attacked, and people are aware of this.According to the recent global survey of the United Nations, more than 85%of the respondents are worried about the impact of false information on the Internet.

The rise of

Social media and digital platforms is one of the main reasons for the world to flood lies and distorted information.In order to make a profit through maximizing the participation of the audience, the algorithms of these platforms will enlarge the information that attracts people's attention without ignoring the authenticity.In addition, people find that negative information also has the effect of enhancing participation. One study shows that each negative vocabulary is added in the title, and the click -through rate will increase by 2.3%.

But another reason we failed to crack down on false information is that the liberal tradition puts freedom of speech on the right to obtain the truth.According to this argument, any restrictions on the freedom of speech in the democratic world will be used by dictators to conduct review, and even some even more severe reasons.

The Western handling of remarks assumes the freedom and fair competition in the "ideological market", which will ensure that the truth is overlapping lies.But we now know that this is wrong.Some phenomena that are similar to the Gresham's Law, that is, the inferior coins) can be applied to the field of information: Trump's former chief strategist Steve Bannon's so -called "flooding the area with garbage information"It will promote distrust and make it more difficult for people to distinguish between facts and false information.

Some people believe that the truth is now fragmented and cannot be repaired.However, many countries have strengthened institutions that are designed to explore the best truths, and these institutions are also important pillars for social and economy.The false and deception behavior of financial legal punishment in accounts and public statements use complicated forensic tools such as deoxyrum ribosacuucleic acid (DNA) to make better judgments, while modern science mobilizes peers to criticize various doctrine.

We need to make persistent efforts to ensure that every powerful institution can provide the best available knowledge.The core of this work should be a new right to obtain the truth; this right can be based on some long -term establishment principles such as The Golden Rule and the Categorical Impeature.The push and human concept that can be found in almost every civilization can be used as the cornerstone of rebuilding the truth infrastructure.

First of all, it should start with law.Many governments in Europe and other places have formulated strong consumer protection laws, and prohibit misleading and false statements in advertising and marketing.The same principle should be applied to all political communication (Australia is considering this measure as one of the measures to enhance democratic toughness), and eventually applies to any type of mass communication.Those who deliberately spread lies should bear the consequences -mainly economic punishment, but perhaps it should include the prohibition of public office or engaging in media work.

The judicial system is occasionally used to punish media organizations that spread false information.For example, the Dominion Voting System Company, in response to Fox News, "manipulating" the voting machine's "manipulation" of the conspiracy theory filed by the US election in 2020, the end of the reconciliation of nearly $ 800 million.However, you can also do more work to open some paths, so that people can use new laws that prohibit intentionally spreading lies to recover legal pursuit of obvious dishonesty news media and politicians.

Secondly, independent agencies committed to presenting the truth must be strengthened.These institutions already exist in the fields of science, finance, hygiene and security.In terms of media, non -profit news agencies and public service broadcasts play this role.The key to the success of these institutions is that they can be affected by political and market pressure.

Third, supervision can force strong information providers to become the communicator of the truth.In July of this year, the European Commission issued a preliminary survey results that Musk's X platform misleaded users by allowing anyone to pay for the verification account and violated the digital service law. X may face a fine of 6%of its global revenue.At the same time, the network execution law passed by Germany in 2017 requires a platform with more than 2 million users to delete the content of "obvious illegal".

Fourth, before the election, the independent election committee must have the facts of verification, correct false statements, and ban the right to ban the most destructive false information or deep -fake content.Because at this time, the truth is the most vulnerable, the risk of intervention is the most, and the most related to democracy is also the highest.

Fifth, the next generation must have a better ability to distinguish between truth and lies.The school should cultivate young people's ability to identify various false information, and Finland and Denmark take the lead in incorporating courses related to false information into the teaching outline.

Finally, Factiverse, Fullfactor in the UK, Myth Detector of Georgia, and Faktisk Verifiserbar in Norway are developing new tools that combine artificial intelligence and collective intelligence to identify and evaluate false information.These and other similar measures should be encouraged and supported.

In order to ensure the right to succeed and obtain the truth, in other words, the right to be deceived or deliberately misleaded by strong and influential organizations should be included in the European Human Rights Convention as an agreement and comments with the US Constitution.Freedom guarantee for the balance.Considering the differences in opinions and interpretations, the threshold for exercising this right should be high.Moreover, this right shall be implemented by the court, not the government or the "Ministry of Truth".

All other citizens' freedom rely on some right to obtain the truth.For example, unless the judges ensure that the jury obtains as much information as much as possible, or the right to get a fair trial of the jury, it is impossible to talk about it.More widely, the truth depends on the endless discovery process supported by law and institutions.

Musk and others firmly believe that freedom of speech is absolutely good, and the right to lie should be higher than the right to obtain the truth.They are understandable based on their lofty ideas, but this view is becoming increasingly dangerous and unpredictable.

The 17th century French mathematician Pascal wrote: "In this era, the truth is so unknown, and the lies are so ingrained that unless we love the truth, we will not know it." Today, we should pass through it, we should pass throughIt will be obtained as a right to show this love and place it in the core of our law and the Constitution.

Author Geoff Mulgan is a professor of collective wisdom, public policy and social innovation at the University of London

English Original Title: The Right to Truth

All rights reserved: Project syndicate, 2024.