All miracles and achievements are not only careful to verify, but to be institutionalized and verified in order to meet the principles of evidence, and it can also reveal the essence of things closest to objective laws.
The Chinese media recently reported on the information observed by the withdrawal, a pioneering paper that was published in naturally 22 years ago was officially withdrawn on June 17, refreshing the record of the most cited number of times but eventually withdrawal.This paper was published in 2002 by the world's top scientist Catherine Verfailie.The paper claims that a stem cell (multi -potential adult stem cell, MAPCS) with bone marrow can grow and differentiate into any type of body cells, and has been cited nearly 4,500 times over 20 years after publication.
This paper creates a miracle in the history of science.Although the number of references is not the most or more (the most cited paper in history was 1951, a paper published by the academicians of the two institutes of the United States, biochemist Oliver Hao Lowry, and was cited 300,000), but this paperThe most cited number of times in the dissertation papers.Secondly, the content of this paper is the cutting -edge discipline of modern biomedicine. It is the content of the regeneration of stem cell regeneration that researchers in various countries.In the medical field of regeneration medicine, organ transplantation.
Miracle is worthy of people's applause, congratulations, and admiration, but in turn, it should be tested and questioned.Unfortunately, there is a phenomenon in modern society that is not allowed to question. There are many reasons. One of them is the most common: don't see people.However, any results or phenomenon is not only scientific research. Once many miracles in the world appear, they have two sides, which may be praised and questioned, and the latter is more important.The reason is that only after receiving comprehensive doubts and full verification, whether it is falsified or confirmed, can it be trusted, and it has value and significance, including the value and significance of economy, society, culture, and civilization.Any achievements and things, if they can't stand questioning or dare not accept questions, will bring endless disasters to society and humans.
The papers of Vefali are like this, which has a negative impact on society, especially the harm of the medical field and life, and it is more difficult to recover.After the publication of Vefali's papers, scientists in the field and related fields questioned that Okin, a professor of lecturer at the David Natson University of Medical College of Harvard University in the United States, pointed out: "If these stem cells are really as she says, it is veryIt's amazing, but now anyone proves this. "
After that, Elisabeth Bik, a well -known scientific counterfeiter, Dutch microbiologist and scientific integrity consultant, also noticed the results of Vefali's research.Previously, Bike faked and determined more than 4,000 improper research behaviors, including 400 authors published research papers from the thesis factories in China.Through a large number of detailed comparisons, she found that many papers in Vafali had data and image problems, including the 2002 papers issued in natural magazines on stem cells.In addition, Bike published all questioning questions on the well -known academic counterfeit website "Pubpeer".
However, Victoria's arguments are all argued and listed a series of evidence to prove that multi -potential adult stem cells do exist and have regeneration functions. HoweverShe has never responded.
However, the evil fruit comes soon.Vefali's unheard of stem cell miracles was used by some clinicians and researchers as a de facto conclusion and boldly applied to clinical treatment.Among them, Italian surgeon, Paolo Macchiaarini, was based on Vefali's research papers. It determined that extracting bone marrow stem cells from patients to repair or even create trachea, and performed surgery for eight patients with damage to the trachea.The method is that patients with bronchial failure are implanted with artificial brackets with patients' own stem cells to produce good functional bronchies.
From 2011 to 2014, Makiani performed eight such transplant surgery, three times in Sweden in 2011 and 2012, and then five times in Russia.As a result, three patients in Sweden died, and four of the five Russian patients had died. The death of the patient was related to surgery, and it was related to the stem cells of the bone marrow.
Of course, Makiani was also punished by law. In 2019, he was sentenced to 16 months of prison in Italy; in June 2022, he was sentenced to criminal responsibility by the Swedish court and suspended execution.In addition, the two papers published by Makiani in Liuye Knife Magazine were also withdrawn in 2018.
In the process of being investigated and prosecuted by Makiani, a series of internal emotions showed that the artificial synthetic tracheal transplantation he did for the patient was largely due to the research results of Vefali, andThe two have also collaborated on clinical trials of bronch transplantation based on stem cells.At that time, Vefa Lili was investigated by the sub -academic indiscriminate, and Makiani announced that the successful transplantation artificial synthetic trachea became her life -saving straw, allowing her career to continue again.In February 2013, Vafali also called to congratulate Makiani to perform artificial synthetic bronch transplant surgery for a two -year -old patient, but the patient died eight weeks after the operation.Obviously, if the manuscript is not withdrawn, Vefalina's unheard of stem cell research, and clinical medical treatment based on the results of his research, do not know how many people will hurt.
In the past and today, Vefali has not only created a miracle, but also many researchers and producers are constantly creating miracles. For example, in 2006, Professor Karen Ashe, a neurologist at the University of Minnesota, was published in nature as a communication author.An article was also recently withdrawn.The author acknowledges that this milematic research papers on Alzheimer's disease, there are academic incompetence problems such as images.
This paper points out that a starch -like protein (Aβ) called Aβ*56 may cause Alzheimer's disease. Since publishing, the paper has been cited 2500 times.Aβ*56 is a starch -like protein (Aβ) with a molecular weight of 56kda, so it is named Aβ*56.However, on the one hand, some researchers are questioning the miracles of the cause of dementia, and on the other hand, a large number of scientists have been looking for drugs and methods to clear the drugs in the brain to treat and improve the Alz SeaThe dexterous disease, but in 18 years, these studies and drug tests have basically failed.
The uncomfortable miracle on Alzheimer's disease has spent billions of dollars in research funds worldwide, but it has no effect on patients. Although it has not harmed the patient, it is not verified.Blindly believes, and against questioning the miracles and behaviors of scientific research on large and small, it may eventually cause more disasters that are much larger than those who died in Mamakiani.
All miracles and achievements are not only careful to verify, but to question and verify institutionally in order to meet the principles of evidence, but also reveal the nature of things closest to objective laws, benefit people and societyIt is not harmful to people and society.
The author is Beijing scholar
