The United States has embarked on the path of negating free trade because of economic efficiency as the core of globalization.Globalization has brought generous returns to American multinational companies and Wall Street elites, and the benefits of low -level prices to American consumers have brought negative impacts to workers in the United States or workers in some industries, especially "China Intellectuals"" ".
For a long time after World War II, the United States has a consensus on free trade.Most American politicians have regarded free trade as a religious worship for decades.Diplomats, legislators and presidents have been proved that their policies are reasonable by pursuing more free trade.After Trump came to power in 2016, trade protectionism became a symbol of the Republican party's abandonment of free trade. The Democratic Party's Herryi reversed its position on the Cross -Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP), and also became a weathervane for the Democratic Party to give up a free trade policy.
Well -known economists, including Yellen, Paul Romer and Angus Don, are criticizing free trade and globalization.Leitchizer is recognized as a Trump trade policy designer and led the Sino -US trade war.After Trump left the White House in 2021, Littichzer persuaded the Bayeng government to maintain tariffs on China.In 2023, he published a book with no free trade, explaining the reasons for anti -free trade.
The Bayeng government has not made any achievements in free trade and never mentioned free trade.In addition to continuing the Trump administration's tariffs on China, the government of Biden also set up various export restrictions on China, which aims to weaken the possibility of China in the field of science and technology.Potential threats.In September this year, the United States launched a new round of export control to China to announce an export list of advanced technologies such as quantum computing and semiconductor manufacturing.
Bayeng government has two achievements for foreign trade policies, namely the Indo -Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) and the 21st Century Trade initiative.There are four pillars of the Indo -Pacific Economic framework. Among them, the supply chain, fair economy, and clean economy cover the theme of infrastructure, clean energy and decarburization.EssenceJudging from the needs of the Asia -Pacific countries, they also hope that the United States will join the CPTPP Agreement (CPTPP).On June 1, 2022, the United States and Taiwan announced the launch of the US -Taiwan 21st century trade initiative to negotiate 11 issues related to trade.This is a major change in the United States' policy on China.However, the 21st Century Trade Initiative of the United States did not have the liberalization of trade and investment.
This year's U.S. election, two presidential candidates held up the banner of tariffs. Former President Trump was more strange than Harris.Trump threatened to implement a general targeted tariff on almost all imported goods, imposed 60%tariffs on all imported goods from China.Harris criticized Trump's tariff plan, but only did not mention free trade.She said that she will continue to "support the leadership of the United States in semiconductor, clean energy, artificial intelligence, and other cutting -edge industries in the future, and solve" the unfair trade behavior of destroying American workers from China or any competitors. "
The United States has embarked on the path of negating free trade because of economic efficiency as the core of globalization.Globalization has brought generous returns to the elites of the American multinational company and Wall Street, and also brought a low -level benefit to American consumers for a long time.Especially "China Intellectual".China has become the largest country in the world and the largest export of goods in the world, but these two phenomena are closely related to the loss of the job positions of American industrial workers.
In January 2017, the report from the US Economic Policy Research Institute believes that from 2001 to 2015, the growth of the US trade deficit with China has caused 3.4 million people to unemployment.The report believes that the growth of deficit with China's trade means that the United States is losing the work of manufacturing and the opportunity to increase the employment of manufacturing, because the imports from China have soared, and the US exports are much smaller.The slowdown in the creation of employment opportunities in the manufacturing industry has led to stagnation of workers' wages and income and exacerbating inequality.The report also believes that the US multinational company is also the beneficiary of the US trade deficit with the United States.
Trump Harris is cater to populism
In 2016, Trump was unexpectedly elected as the president, from one aspect to illustrate the result of the US society's neglect of global losers.Trump told voters in the campaign that free trade is an unfair trading for Americans.In 2016, American political scientist Justin Gest published a new minority: a political book of the white worker class of the white workers in the era of immigration and inequality.The feeling of flowing out of trouble.The book associates Trump's election with the white worker class.One reason why Hillary lost her election was to ignore the white workers' class.
Michael Kazin, the author of persuasion with the theme of American populism, believes that in 2016, Trump was successful in 2016, which proved that populism that permeated the entire Western society was a unable to underestimatePolitical forces.Judging from Biden's experience, he was a supporter of free trade.As a senator, he voted in 1993 to support the North American Free Trade Agreement and voted in 2000 to support establishing a permanent normal trade relationship with China.But after Biden's administration, he knew how to give up free trade to meet populism.
Trump and Harris are catering to populism, one is right -wing populism, and the other is left -wing populism.A populism is a fruit of globalization, which causes this result to rise in the Chinese economy.Under the leadership of the mainland government and the Chinese government, China integrates major affairs with concentrated power into a economic "Livatin" (compile: Leviathan, the Bible middle finger monster, extended to a strong country).The US economy based on free enterprises cannot find countermeasures to respond to the influx of Chinese goods into the United States and the world, which can only resort to industrial policies and protectionism.
When the whole world sees the overwhelming of Chinese electric vehicles walking towards the world, there is no need to be surprised. Chinese electric vehicles integrate a large number of subsidies for Western technology and Chinese finance, making the factory from the German Volkswagen's factories closed.Similarly, when the U.S. government continues to impose tariffs on China and implement export restrictions, there is no need to panic. China should bear the consequences of selling products into the world regardless of cost.
International trade requires a fair and regular competition stage.A economic "Livatin" not only ended the globalization of the past, but also ended the former world trade organization.This is the result of a conflict between the market economy and the non -market economy under the game of China and the United States.
The author is a commentator in Shanghai, China
