Zhang Rui
Vietnam's GDP last year (GDP) increased by 8.02%year -on -year, which not only set the fastest growth rate in 25 years, but also refreshed the highest growth record in 10 years.Putting the lineup of economic growth in various countries around the world during the same period, Vietnam can be regarded as a group of chickens.
While the total economic amount is magnified, the growth quality of Vietnam's economy is also remarkable.On the one hand, the people's sense of gain is significantly enhanced.From an economic point of view, GDP and National Income (Ni) are two different concepts. The former is the economic value created by all workers, including domestic and foreign citizens, and the latter only shows the actual income of the country.Therefore, Ni is more practical for the people of one country.In fact, GDP and Ni are not necessarily completely synchronized. Only when the latter grows higher than the former, the interests of domestic people can be fuller and fuller.
Vietnam's average monthly income last year increased to 4.6 million Yue South Shield (about S $ 260), an increase of 9.5%year -on -year.Significantly winning GDP shows that most people can truly share the results of economic development.At the same time, it is worth noting that last year, Vietnam's domestic inflation rate was only 3.15%, and the unemployment rate was only 3.3%, indicating that at the process of high economic growth, the negative overflow risks encountered by the people's work and life were very small.
The economic structure is more balanced
Vietnam's economic structure has become more balanced.The national provincial administrative divisions include 58 provinces and five municipalities, and 59 GDP growth rates are more than 6.5%. Regional development is relatively balanced. From the perspective of industrial structure, the three major industries are also constantly coordinating.Last year, the agricultural department increased by 3.36%year -on -year, the contribution rate of national economic growth was 5.11%; the service industry increased by 9.99%year -on -year, the contribution rate to economic development was 56.65%.%.Among the three industrial configuration structures, the proportion of service industries has the highest proportion, showing that the economic structure upgrade is significant.At the same time, the manufacturing industry has increased by 8.1%. Although the proportion of agriculture in GDP has declined, the output of food has been relatively stable. Among them, the per capita output of rice has reached more than 400 kilograms.Essence
In 2019, in 2019, the Vietnam economy achieved a 7%expansion, but the following two years fell to 2.91%and 2.58%, respectively.However, Vietnam had released the epidemic control earlier last year, and the quarter economy increased by 13.67%, which then drove the growth of GDP throughout the year to a high level, indicating that it was a compensated growth after epidemic.
It must be pointed out that at the same time that the epidemic control in Vietnam has been liberalized, China is still adhering to the dynamic clearance policy, especially in the second quarter of last year in Shanghai.Labor -intensive industries such as clothing, shoes and hats, electronic products and its parts, from China to Vietnam quickly, the regional reconstruction of the industrial chain plays a strong role in replenishing blood and empowerment of Vietnam industry and economic growth.
Unlike the non -US dollar currency of major global economies in the world, it has depreciated sharply with the appreciation of the US dollar in the past year. The Vietnamese Shield showed a certain toughness. Last year, it depreciated a slight depreciation of the US dollar.The reason for this is because the export is strongly supported by the strong surplus power of the exchange rate, and then created a splattered space for the official development of more flexible and stable policy operations.According to the data, the Central Bank of Vietnam raised interest rates twice last year, and the interest rate level was raised to the current 6%. Whether it is the interest rate hike or the frequency of raising interest rates, the Monetaries of the Vietnam Central Bank should be small.The macroeconomic has obtained more stable and abundant liquidity support, and the micro -economic entities restore and expand production and operation activities lighter to the low financing costs.
It must be emphasized that it is more and more smooth and convenient for free trade environment, which has played a significant lubrication effect on imports and exports and economic growth in Vietnam in the past year.In addition to reaching a free trade agreement with the European Union, as a member of the Asian Simpan, Vietnam also fully enjoyed the huge dividend of the regional comprehensive economic partnership agreement (RCEP) to take effect.Vietnamese agricultural products and seafood, which had a competitive advantage, entered a wider market at low cost or even zero costs. At the same time, there were larger overseas capital, especially Asian international capital into Vietnam.In the composition of foreign direct investment (FDI) that entered Vietnam last year, Singapore, South Korea, Japan, and China ranked in the top four, which directly enriched Vietnam's foreign trade main lineup.According to the RCEP agreement, the RCEP contribution rate was more than 10%in Vietnam's export trade last year.
Vietnamese economy is no longer a short -term growth of chicken blood type. In the past 36 years, it has maintained a pace of faster growth of more than 5%. In particular, since this century, it has jumped to an average annual growth of more than 6%.The steps.In this regard, there are several important age and related data. It is particularly worthy of attention.In 1986, the Sixth Congress of the Vietnamese Communist Party was held to establish the direction of reform of economic innovation. At that time, Vietnam's GDP increased by only 2.79%. In 1991, the Seven Congress of Vietnam established the general policy centered on economic reform.By 5.96%; in 1996, the Eight Communist Party of the Vietnam clarified the basic national policy of innovation and opening up. Vietnam realized 9.34%of its economic expansion, and it was out of control.Obviously, from the start of low -speed growth to the evolution of high -speed growth, the economic capacity of Vietnam's economy should first be attributed to the driver of institutional innovation and market -oriented reform.
Analysis found that many of Vietnam's experience in reform and opening up actually came from China to study. An obvious rhythm is that each National Congress of the Vietnam is later than the National Congress of the Mainland Government.In terms of policy strategies, the Vietnam Communist Party will concentrate their strengths and carefully study, and put forward similar major policies at their highest decision -making meetings, such as the development of various economic ingredients and expanding open caliber.
Innovation and change directly points to the political system field
Not only that, the edge of Vietnam's innovation and change also directly points to the political system, and its strength is unusual, including the cancellation of the lifelong system of civil servants, tailoring and merging government agencies, cancellation of urban and rural household registration systems, and establishing an independent corporate union.They are all promoted.According to the socio -economic situation information chart released by the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Central Committee of Vietnam, in terms of product tax (more accurate is the circulation tax), the proportion of the government's income distribution last year decreased by 0.5 percentage points year -on -year.A year -on -year rising 30.3%.
The foreign trade industry should have been developing the fastest in the past 20 years. In addition to joining the World Trade Organization to allow import and export trade to quickly take off, it is very important that Vietnam has completely let go of historical grievances and embrace Western countries.The United States was a opponent of Vietnam, but now Vietnam and the United States relations are like lacquer. Vietnam has obtained a large surplus from the US trade, but the United States selectively ignores Vietnam's huge benefits.
Vietnam currently has trade relations with more than 150 countries and regions, and the "circle of friends", which has obtained assistance and preferential loans, has continued to expand.According to data from the Ministry of Economic Affairs of Vietnam, in the current economic structure, foreign direct investment accounts for 20.13%of GDP, accounting for more than 70%of the total export value, accounting for about 50%of the total industrial output value; in terms of industry layout, foreign investors in foreign investorsAmong the 21 industries in Vietnam, 19 industries have been invested, of which the total investment in processing manufacturing industry exceeds 16.8 billion US dollars, accounting for 60.6%of the total registered capital.These investment strongly helps Vietnam to create very competitive products, and also participates in the global supply network more in depth.Among Vietnam's export products classification, the turnover of eight commodity groups accounts for 70.1%of the total exports, of which telephones and components, computer and electronic products and components based on foreign companies, accounting for 30.8%of Vietnam's total exports.Rapid Vietnam to compete in the international high -end manufacturing chainIncreased status.
Based on the inventory resources of institutional innovation, Vietnam is trying to create more abundant incremental resources.Strengthen infrastructure construction in China, especially the construction of transportation and energy projects, and become the core measures for the government to improve the business environment.It is reported that last year, Vietnam completed the construction of 310 kilometers of highways. This year, 12 highways will be constructed. At the same time, it is considering the construction of a high -speed railway running along the country's border, with a total cost of $ 58.7 billion.Essence
It is worth noting that last year, Vietnam's national fiscal revenue was as high as 178.48 trillion Vietnam South Shield, a record high, and promoted the fiscal surplus of more than 20 million Vietnam South Shield, supporting the financial resources of infrastructure construction.Based on a stable financial situation and economic expansion capabilities, Moody's, Standard & Poorite, and Fitch Qi of the three major international credit rating agencies last year increased Vietnamese credit rating.Vietnam is also one of the only countries and global countries in the Asia -Pacific region, which has been raised by Moody's rating, and has further opened room for foreign financing.
The author is a director and professor of economics in the Chinese Market Society
In addition to joining the World Trade Organization to allow import and export trade to quickly take off, it is very important that Vietnam has completely let go of historical grievances and embrace Western countries.The United States was a opponent of Vietnam, but now Vietnam and the United States relations are like lacquer. Vietnam has obtained a large surplus from the US trade, but the United States selectively ignores Vietnam's huge benefits.
