The Hong Kong Ming Pao commented that this year is the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, and it is also the 40th anniversary of the China -US establishment of the Communist Party of China.The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held on December 18, 1978 was regarded as a milestone in the reform and opening up of the Mainland. Two days ago, the association was held two days ago. On December 16, 1978, China and the United States published about the establishment of the establishmentThe joint bulletin of diplomatic relations is considered a milestone in the history of Sino -US relations.Two things happen almost at the same time, not accidental.
In the concept of Deng Xiaoping, opening up to the outside world is the need for domestic reform. The development of relations with developed countries in the West is the need for open policies. The development of Sino -US relations is the top priority to develop relations with Western countries.However, from the trade war to US Vice President Pence's tough speech last week, Sino -US relations are now facing the biggest challenge in the 40 years of establishment diplomatic relations. China wants to further reform and open in this context.New severe test.
Sino -US establishment diplomatic relations, reform and opening up, and complement each other
In the early 1970s, Mao Zedong and Nixon opened the door to Sino -US relations, mainly based on the consideration of security factors.The determination of the reform and opening up line provides new ideas for the development of Sino -US relations.This new idea puts a good international environment for reform and opening up in its primary position, instead of emphasizing national security as prominently as before.The establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States began to surpass the category of strategic security and became an important condition for the effectiveness of reform and opening up.
The establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States helps to achieve opening up, and accelerate China's modernization process with external forces.Just as Deng Xiaoping once emphasized that cooperation with the United States is strategic, not strategic and temporary.He described that the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States is indeed a big situation.The development of Sino -US relations is closely linked with the domestic reform and opening up routes unprecedentedly.Reform and opening up is a large system, and Sino -US relations serve this system.
For the United States, in the decision to establish diplomatic relations with China, in addition to Soviet factors, economic factors have also played a very important role.The United States lags behind Europe and Japan in the market competition in China. In the first half of 1978, the European community exported to China 3 times more than the United States.In order to enter the Chinese market early, a lot of American entrepreneurs have eloquently lobbying the government to accelerate negotiations with China ’s establishment of diplomatic relations, which has formed political pressure on both parties.
In fact, after the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries, the bilateral trade between China and the United States increased from US $ 2.451 billion in 1979 to US $ 583.7 billion in 2017, an increase of more than 238 times.At present, agricultural products, civil aviation aircraft, and financial services in the United States have occupied a considerable share in the Chinese market.
After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Sino -US relations after the 1990s experienced roundabouts.From the comprehensive economic sanctions against China in 1989, from 1993 to 1994, the storm linked to human rights (MFN) and human rights, from 1995 to 1996 to the Taiwan Strait crisis, until 1997 and 1998, the mutual visits of Clinton and Jiang Zemin, Sino -US relations, Sino -US relations.Only to achieve great improvement and development, and once developed in the direction of constructive strategic partnership.
However, the political donation case in 1997, the 1999 Kuks report, Li Wenhe case, especially in May 1999, the US aircraft bombing the Chinese Embassy in Yugoslavia, and the South China Sea collision in April 2001. Sino -US relations have risen from time to time, butIt did not return to the previous state of confrontation because in the context of globalization, China's reform and opening up is still an important driving force for the development of Sino -US relations.
The Rise of Peaceful Rise and Midea lacks a new direction in response to reform and opening up.
For China's reform and opening up, the United States has always had high expectations, and hopes that through the comprehensive contact of economy, culture, and society, it will affect China's political direction and change China's political system and ideology.However, after 40 years of development, the United States is obviously disappointed. The more powerful China not only has not become more like the United States, but also has gradually drifted away from the American model.Essence
The United States originally wanted to see that China became a post -war German or Japan. It is unknown that today's Germany and Japan is not evolving internally, but the result of the war. Even after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia today has not become like the United States.willing.In a word, China's peaceful rise is a new model, and the United States lacks a way to respond to this model.
In China, although it has a clear plan for its own peaceful rise and growth, in addition to reiterating the concept of the road that will not be strong and the community of human destiny, what the world looks like after the rise of China, it has always been likeThe language is unknown.This is also a problem that China's future reform and opening up needs to face and solve.
Today, the possibility of Sino -US relations is the highest in 40 years. In this context, China's next reform and opening up must have new determination, new attitude, and new direction.So far, China ’s strategy to respond to the US trade war is passively responded and low -key responses, but now when the contradictions between the two countries overflow the economic and trade fields in the fields of politics, military, and national security., Take a tough attitude, not to let it go.
In the United States to implement a step -by -step warfare policy, China is likely to face a new cold war environment, but it should adhere to the strategic fixed force of economic construction as long as the economic construction is not invaded.National strength is completely capable of stopping the war against its own aggression; with China's market size and economic capabilities, as long as it does not close the country, it is not possible to be completely isolated.After the new running -in and adjustment, China and the United States will find new ways to get along, and will not inevitably fall into the trap.
