Wang Jun: The traffic highway system needs to reform. The idea is to restore the public items attributes of the highway. In particular, it is necessary to prevent highways from becoming one of the few private sites for vested interests.
The Chinese National Day holiday is coming.It can be expected that some major highways in China will be tested again and congestion, which seems destined.
The reason for the above situation is obvious: high -speed holidays not only do not increase prices, but also pass free.Although this kind of violation of common sense brings only more congestion and chaos, the relevant departments have nothing to do, and they do not mean that they have changed their string more.
Perhaps, in the eyes of managers, free traffic on holidays is just a policy benefiting the people. As for whether the vehicle can pass quickly, whether it causes large -scale congestion, and the pressure caused by the sudden increase in the road and bridge, it is not in their considerations.Essence
The question is that if the Chinese highway will be blocked every festival, should managers reflect on the negative effects brought by free pass and adjust the policy in a timely manner?After all, compared with the orderly and fast demand for the guarantee, free measures are almost worth mentioning.
When the driving family is blocked on the road, the highway is not high -speed and cannot reach the destination on time, they will find that the free taste has changed at this time.
In the eyes of some scholars, the above phenomenon belongs to a typical public tragedy.
A total of half a century ago, American scholar Late Bull; Garrett Hardin published a public tragedy in scientific magazines. This article expresses that when people are unlimited and they can obtain public resources for free,It will definitely cause the exhaustion of resources, and the shortage of resources will in turn affect humanity itself, causing tragedy.
In the case of free traffic, the highway as a resource is bound to be devoured by the huge needs of countless vehicles, and as a result, everyone is blocked on the road.There are many similar examples, such as the improper use of public sea resources that may cause catastrophic consequences.
As the so -called way to pass the Grand Road, although Harbin is just a biologist, the tragedy of the public land has already entered the room, becoming a classic content of many humanities, social sciences and education books, and was accepted by researchers.The reason is that this concept refine the dilemma faced by humans and portray the adverse situations that may encounter when the individual rational and collective rationality conflict.
The conclusions of this idea and other disciplines, including other disciplines, have amazing consistency and tacit understanding.For example, the tragedy of the public land is consistent with the meaning of the transmission of the micro -web model in the microeconomics, and it also has many things in common with the problems that rational expected schools in macroeconomics are solved.
In his work, Harding lived in the limit and further put forward the proposition to solve the public tragedy, that is, through the strong intervention of the government, it allows people to live limited and avoid tragedy.Although this prescription of Hardin has encountered many criticisms, the tragedy of the public land has long been deeply rooted in the hearts of people.
After all, it is not the same thing to solve problems and problems.In a word, how to avoid the appearance of tragedy testing the wisdom of the manager.
It can be seen that for Chinese transportation managers, the biggest wisdom is not simply free of charge, but to be smooth at the same time and reduce congestion at the same time.Here, the road administration experience of developed countries abroad is worth learning, because they are earlier and more mature in the construction and operation of high -speed road networks than China.
Critical criticism of China's holiday highway policy has always existed.Let's put on hold on traffic congestion for the time being, and we don't consider the huge pressure brought by the traffic on roads and bridges. In terms of the procedures for the introduction of this policy alone, there are obvious flaws.Assuming that the highway is owned by the whole people, then the free pass is actually a festivistic red envelope issued by the government to a car. How can those people who do not have a motor vehicle in the name reflect?
The fact is that this group not only did not get red envelopes or compensation, but on the contrary, their interests were misappropriated and infringed without their consent.
As we all know, in some large cities in China, social problems caused by private cars are getting prominent. Some local governments have introduced policies to restrict the excessive growth of motor vehicles.For example, Beijing and Shanghai have motor vehicle restrictions and licenses.The basic consensus is that in large and small cities with many people, the development of public transportation is the first choice for solving future traffic travel.
Theoretically, limiting the excessive growth of motor vehicles should not only stare at car buyers, but at the same time to compensate those who do not have motor vehicles.For example, can a part of the highway charging money be paid as a transfer payment and distributed to those who do not have motor vehicles to encourage them to reduce the environmental protection behavior of traffic pressure?This suggestion can also stand on the perspective. It is obvious that the tail gas brought by the motor vehicle damages the health of the human health and allows the victim who drove the car to compensate for the victim without cars.
One of the reasons for China's highway charges is to make up for the initial investment by levying fees to make up for the initial investment.When the investment is recovered, the highway should be reduced until the cancellation is canceled.As the highway belongs to the state, the management department should implement the information disclosure system around the public's concern, and regularly publish the order of income and expenditure, list the fees basis, and the timetable for the price reduction and the cancellation of the charging.
However, China's highway revenue and expenditure seems to be a confused account, and opaque is the problem.In the impression, China will make trouble for some people's congress representatives and members of the CPPCC to cancel the expense of charges (such as airport high -speed).Some high -speed road sections in China have already recovered their initial investment, but they are still stubbornly charged. This is no essentially different from grabbing money, and it should be abolished immediately.
In developed countries and many developing countries, highways are free of charge, and there are no cases of card charges.Of course, this does not exclude the possibility of road and bridge fees to tax and fuel prices.It can be seen that through some technical arrangements, toll stations throughout China's highways can be demolished.A few years ago, Chinese media had reported 70%of the world's toll stations in China.
Considering the construction speed of the Chinese highway over the years, this proportion may not decrease today.In fact, toll stations are also one of the reasons for deceleration and congestion of vehicles.As a result, a more thorough solution is to gradually ban all the charging levels.
China ’s holiday high -speed free free was originally introduced as a policy of benefiting the people.Since it is a good thing, you should start your brain and try to handle it.Good definition is not just as simple as providing some Xiao En Xiaohui, but it should be put first on the protection of traffic safety.You know, at present, the young people in China have better education than their parents have received better education. They should not be satisfied with the free move because smoothness is more important.
According to the common sense of economics, increasing prices can suppress demand and reduce congestion, and removal of toll stations can also alleviate traffic pressure at any time. The two are not contradictory.Because when it is completely free, people can better choose travel time and avoid congestion, rather than now. If you want to be free, you can only choose to travel on holidays.In short, it is free or free. The goals should be smooth around the traffic to avoid congestion and make articles. This is what traffic managers need to be considered priority.
Similar to the Chinese high -speed rail, but the construction of China Highway Network earlier earlier has developed rapidly in the past few decades.At present, China's highway mileage is close to 140,000 kilometers, ranking first in the world.However, an industry and departments are developing excessively, and it also means that a huge vested interest collective is forming rapidly.After the road is repaired, you can also set up a card charging, just like a withdrawal machine.Who wants others to dye such cheese?
In recent years, many negative reports have been reported on the problems in the field of transportation in the field of transportation. For example, if officials of the Communications Department of the Provincial Department of Transportation have been in succession, it has stated that the roads in the road have a lot of oil and water, and the supervision is absent.Due to the large investment in road construction, the cycle and front are long, and the lack of a transparent and open institutional environment, allowing the transportation department to have the opportunity to rent and rent for corruption.
There is no doubt that China's transportation road system needs to be reformed,The thinking must be reformed, and the idea is nothing more than the public items attribute to restore the road.In particular, through effective institutional measures, it is necessary to prevent and correct the highway from becoming one of the few private sites for vested interests.From the background of the unfinished reform of traffic in China, the reform of this department may be one of the most difficult bones left.
(Note: The author is an independent scholar. This article only represents the author's personal point of view.
