At noon on May 28th, Ping'an, China Eastern Airlines, which took off from Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport, landed at Beijing Capital International Airport.When this flight slowly drove over the water gate that symbolizes the highest etiquette of civil aviation, it not only marked the comprehensive development, manufacturing, evidence collection, and operation of China's domestic large passenger aircraft, but also that China officially joined the Boeing and European Airbus for many years.Big passenger club.
Large passenger aircraft generally refer to aircraft with a take -off weight of about 100 tons and more than 150 passengers. Its manufacturing can reflect the level of the industrial system of a country.At present, countries that can manufacture large passenger planes include the United States, Europe and Russia, but the global passenger aircraft market is mainly monopolized by Boeing and Airbus. After the C919 COSCO is successful, Chinese domestic large passenger aircraft are expected to become new competitors of Boeing and Airbus.
The ambition to develop a large passenger aircraft in China dates back to the late 1960s.In 1970, the founding leader of the Communist Party of China Mao Zedong approved the development of large passenger planes.In August of the same year, China officially issued a large -scale passenger aircraft transport ten and its supporting engine "turbofan 8" for large -scale passenger aircraft, codenamed "708 Project".The development of large passenger planes in China kicked off.
In August 1972, the overall design scheme of the 10th transport passed the expert review of experts; in 1976, the first 10 prototype mechanism was completed.On September 26, 1980, Yun Shi was successful in Shanghai.
Since then, Yun Shi has flew more than 130 ups and downs, more than 170 flight hours, and flew to Harbin, Urumqi, Guangzhou and other cities, and became the first Chinese aircraft to fly to Lhasa.
But the luck is still dead.In 1982, after considering factors such as technical capabilities and capital costs, Chinese seniors decided to move ten.
The reasons for the tenth horse in China have caused some controversy in China.Some people believe that the design and manufacturing of this model is not advanced, especially compared with international peers in materials technology and airborne equipment; the supervision of maintenance, maintenance, and management links is not strict, increasing the hidden dangers of flight safety.It is also believed that in the early days of reform and opening up, with advanced Western technologies entered China, some people in high -level people were deeply affected by the concept of "making it better to buy and buying", which led to the 10th passenger plane that was difficult to develop.
After the ten -year death, China did not give up the dream of independently developing a large aircraft.In the middle of the 1980s, China proposed the "three steps" strategy to develop a large domestic passenger aircraft: the first step, China -US cooperation manufacture MD82/90, which is provided by the United States Maiwei Corporation.In the second step, Chinese and foreign cooperation develops 100 -seater aircraft.The third step was to design and manufacture 180 -level trunk aircraft in 2010.
But this "three steps" did not go on.In 1997, Boeing acquired Macao Company, and the Macao 90 project ended after two production flights.In 1998, Airbus terminated cooperative projects with China.The development of China's large aircraft was blocked again.
In 2006, Chinese officials identified large planes as one of the major science and technology projects for making breakthroughs in the next 15 years.In 2007, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China decided to set up a large -scale passenger aircraft project preparatory group to appoint Zhang Qingwei, director of the National Defense Science and Technology Commission as the leader of the preparatory team.In May 2008, China COMAC was formally established in Shanghai, and large -scale passenger aircraft projects have been sailing again.
In January 2009, COMAC officially released the first single -channel conventional layout of 150 large -scale large passenger aircraft, the model code "Comac919", referred to as "C919".
In the next few years, China COMAC Design and R & D Center, Declaration Manufacturing Center, Customer Service Center, Testing flight Center, Civil Affairs Technology Research Center, and Basic Ability Center have been completed.In 2011, the C919 large passenger aircraft project passed the review organized by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in Shanghai to enter the detailed design stage.In March 2015, the C919 large passenger aircraft was transferred to the comprehensive trial system.
On May 5, 2017, the C919 large passenger aircraft successfully took the first flight in Shanghai; in November 2022, the Civil Aviation Administration of China issued a C919 large -scale passenger aircraft production license; in December 2022, the world's first C919 large -scale large -scale large -scale large -scale large -scale large -scaleThe passenger plane is delivered to China Oriental Airlines.
After more than 10 years of hard work, C919 large passenger aircraft finally changed from products to goods, marking that China has opened up a huge large passenger aircraft industry chain.As of the end of 2022, the order volume of C919 aircraft has exceeded 1,000, which means that China's aviation transportation industry will save a lot of external model costs.
However, the C919 joining the large passenger club is not equal to the level of Chinese civil aviation industry that has tied Western air manufacturing.In fact, the gap between China and the West is still not small in the field of aviation industry.The C919's power system uses the CFM-Leap engine of the US joint venture between the United States and France, and many foreign products have also been used on the electromechanical and avionics systems.
At the same time, the C919 has not obtained a flight certificate from the European and American Aviation Administration.Judging from the current relationship between China and European and American countries, it is not small to get the European and American airliners to obtain a Air and America's flight certificate.
But the localization rate of C919 has exceeded 60%, and the large domestic aircraft engine CJ-1000A has also successfully tested flights.Even if the C919 cannot obtain a European and American air permit in the short term, China's huge aviation market is enough to make it not worry about the road.
Whether it is to increase the localization rate or get the European and American airlines, the biggest test faced by C919 is the safety and reliability it showed in future commercial flights.Only after market inspection, C919 can really compete with similar products of Boeing and Airbus.
