Zhu Ying: Global Dark Noodles --- Relying Relying Rejuvenation Weapons

Globalization has created a world that countries depend on each other, and there are mutual dependence relationships in the country, country, enterprises, and enterprises.New Liberalism uses the basic characteristics of the post -war international relations with interdependence. Its representatives are Robert Keohane and Joseph Middot; Joseph Nye (Jr.).In 1977, they rely on the theory of mutual dependence theory found in the international community in the international community in the international community in the international community in the international community in the international community.

The core of mutual dependence is cooperation, and the essence of international relations is cooperation.However, Realist scholar Robert Gilpin believes that mutual dependence produces a fragile and vulnerability for use and manipulation.

The real world not only proves the facts that depend on mutual dependence, and the continuous emergence of bilateral or multilateral free trade agreements is proof of international cooperation.Military weapons are rarely used, but mutual dependence has been weapons.This is the weaponized interDependence.

In the history of international relations, one country has always been used to use dependency relationships to deal with another country. For example, before the First World War, Britain almost monopolized communication infrastructure related to international trade, and formulated a wide range of plans to use this to use this.Monopoly to destroy the opponent's economy and weapon the global trading system.Today is the era when the banner of globalization. In recent years, an example of weaponization of dependence -dependent relationships has undoubtedly has a negative shadow of globalization, which has made many countries be vigilant about globalization.

The Ministry of Economics and Industry of Japan announced on July 1 that it will be restricted to South Korea for exporting to South Korea for TV and smart phones on July 4th.The three products that must be used for light glue and high -purity hydrogen fluoride.According to the statistics of the South Korean International Trade Federation, the photoresist and fluoride polytamide imported from Japan from Japan accounted for 91.9%and 93.7%of the total imports, respectively.That is to say, the Korean semiconductor industry rely on Japan, and Japan uses the weapon of dependence on the relationship between the two countries.

At first glance, Abe seemed to be imitating Trump and carefully observed that chips and soybeans were rely on the weapon of relations in the Sino -US trade war.Tracing back, Russia has also frequently used the weapon of dependence. This article does not talk about Russia and returns to chips and soybeans.

Mobile phones and communication devices are the products of global supply chains. According to the 92 core suppliers disclosed by Huawei in 2018, US suppliers account for 33, including Intel, Sailing Si, Qualcomm, Broadcom, etc. of the chip.If these companies break their confessions to Huawei, Huawei will be placed in extremely difficult situations, and it will definitely affect the pace of Huawei's high -end rising global supply chain.Huawei is a proud company in China. The United States crack down on Huawei to curb China's advantages in the 5G field.

China uses soybeans as a retaliation method to combat Trump's voter foundation.China is the largest buyer in American soybeans, and the export of US exports to China accounts for 60%of the total US soybean exports.In 2017, the U.S. exported soybean exported soybean was 31.7 million tons, which fell to 8.3 million tons in 2018, down 74%.In June 2019, the US Minister of Agriculture Polu acknowledged that American farmers were victims of the Sino -US trade war.

The Osaka Summit once again interpreted the weapon of dependence of chips and soybeans.China chose to buy 540,000 tons of soybeans from the United States before the meeting of the two countries. This is the largest number of China purchased by China since March 2018.The Osaka Summit eases the tension of the Sino -US trade war. Trump announced that American companies can sell their equipment to Huawei, but the conditions will not pose a threat to US national security.

In mid -July, China purchased more than 50,000 tons of American sorghum and canceled the import of 9853 tons of American soybeans at the same time.China should promise to buy more soybeans from the United States, because according to Trump on July 11, China has not yet fulfilled its promise to purchase US agricultural products, which disappointed the United States.The reason why China stops buying American soybeans is that the United States has not substantially lifted Huawei.

Relying on the weapon of dependence allows the world to see the vulnerability of mutual dependence. Once the relationship between each other worsens, the dependency relationship is treated as a weapon to sanction each other.The dependency should promote cooperation, but also leads to vigilance and become a means of friction.China's rare earth once again highlights the characteristics of relying on the weapons of the dependence.In 2010, the sovereignty disputes of the Diaoyu Islands (known as Jian Ge is the island in Japan) used rare earth sanctions to sanction Japan.The European Union and the United States sued China in the World Trade Organization for this. In 2013 and 2014, the WTO ruled that China violated the rules.Recently, rare earth has once again become the focus of public opinion.

On July 17, Chinese military expert Kim Yinan pointed out on the China CCTV Yinan Military Forum program that the US Department of Defense published documents on June 27 to evaluate the ability of rare earth.Tons, accounting for 62%of the world's, not only the production of the world's leadership, but also the smelting and separation technology of rare earth is also exclusively controlled by China.The implication of Jin Yinan's words is a rare earth card among the two little kings mentioned by another Chinese expert Jin Canrong.

I hope that China will not use rare earth cards, just like I hope that Sino -US economic and trade relations will not be decoupled.The role of rare earth cards is essentially different from the chip brand. There is no shortage of rare earth in the United States, and other countries will provide rare earth to the United States.The concerns of the vulnerability of dependence on dependence will naturally lead to the emergence of self -reliance thinking. This is one of the original intentions of Made in China 2025. China hopes to get rid of the dependence on the technology of Western countries.

The key is that in the era of globalization, can a country really rely on foreign countries?The chip giant Intel has more than 16,000 suppliers in more than 100 countries around the world. If Intel won all the production links, can you eat the world?The key to China is to do it well?The first key is not to be done, and the next key is possible.If you do your own things, you ca n’t do it without relying on foreign countries. The common path of human civilization is easy to resolve the problem of relying on the weapons of relying on relationships.

(The author is a professor of economics at Shanghai Normal University of China)

The real world not only proves the facts that depend on mutual dependence, and the continuous emergence of bilateral or multilateral free trade agreements is proof of international cooperation.Military weapons are rarely used, but mutual dependence has been weapons.This is the weaponized interDependence.