A built residential building in China.(Reuters)
Marx portrayed a money -oriented society, that is, a society led by capital.In Marx's view, this is simply a society that is not evil.Therefore, Marx not only called for people (proletarians) who were ruled and exploited by capital to overthrow the capitalist society, but they also invested in the socialist movement at that time at that time.
After Marx, the socialist movement initiated by Western Europe developed along two different paths, one was the European road and the other was the Soviet Russian road.To this day, people know that although these two roads have avoided what Marx said "Andrdquo; but the ending is very different.
In Europe, the socialist movement has contributed to the transformation of capitalism, that is, the transformation of the primitive capitalism that Marx said to welfare capitalism. Of course, this transformation is for a long time, even if it is still ongoing.In general, welfare capitalism is to reach a balance between capital and social interests.On the one hand, the state uses capital to develop productive forces, create wealth, and then provide benefits to the society through taxes and other policies. On the other hand, state control capital to prevent capital from evil, especially in social fields, including medical, education and public housing.The welfare society is therefore reflected as a regulatory society.Naturally, there are many other elements that assisted European capital transformation, including traditional religion, civic society, and self -proclaimed "fourth power Andrdquo; media, etc.
The road and Russia road is completely different.This model assumes that the essence of capital is evil, so it completely eliminates private capital and implements national capital.The Andrdquo; the concept created by Soviet and Russia. However, as historical shows, this road has not solved the problem of how to effectively create wealth to meet the needs of the people.P>
However, what people did not expect was that the Andrdquo, the "money -oriented socialist society Andrdquo; after a long history, the" Money's Turban Terrontism Society Andrdquo. Marx criticized the Western government as an agent of capital, that is, the government manages national affairs for capital.In the Soviet Russian model, although the state has directly mastered capital, because the market has completely eliminated the market, the national capital has evolved into a planned economy. The way capital in China is neither Western nor Soviet Russia, but in the government and capital of capital.A special relationship is formed between this special relationship. This special relationship has created the social form of Chinese money in China today.
Whether it is an individual or an enterprise organization, its language, their behaviors, and its future vision, the only thing that gets publicity is money. It seems that except for money, there is nothing in society.This can be said to be a typical Andrdquo; for a long time since the 1990s, it seems that except for making money is the only thing that can be worked hard. To do everything else, you need to bear huge uncertainty. Indeed, Marx is still right. When money becomes a social adhesive, people in this society must be prepared for the worst psychological psychology.From the early accumulation of the original accumulation of the "Hittering Factory Andrdquo; Andrdquo; and the original accumulation of Shanxi coal boss, the endless milk powder incident, to the recent vaccine incidents, Didi driver rape incidents, etc.The logical results of the socialist society of Money.
Chinese Money Native Social Forms
One of the most significant features of Money's Terriga -Porphic Society is that everything, including life, can be reflected and transformed into the number of money.Because of this, the relationship between various social roles, the relationship between the social groups, and the relationship between family members are mainly reflected in the relationship between money, and the governance of all levels of society (enterprise and social organizations, even the country) is also reflected inCurrency method is a quantitative digital management.From this perspective, it is not difficult to go back to the root causes of various events that have occurred above.
Whether it is coal boss, vaccine manufacturer or Didi, they have been carefully calculated.They do not know that this will cause losses to life; on the contrary, they have rationally calculated how much money can they make if they do this?How much will it pay if the person murder occurs?In any case, if the profits are still extremely rich after subtracting the money, they will do nothing.In today's China, for capital, life is just a "accident andrdquo; self.
The rise of the socialist society of Money not only shows that there is a problem with capital, but also the problem of the government's supervision, and the moral system of society itself has problems.In other words, all aspects of factors have led to the comprehensive Andrdquo;. Here is the first to involve the inaction of government supervision power. Government power has lost its original purpose and evolved into Andrdquo; for existence.Government power theory is public power, which is the power that exists for the public.In the most fundamental, the existence of government power is to provide law and order.But what is actually?Simply put, the government has no supervisory ability.This column discussed last week that in China, the government is the first and last supervisor.As long as the government is the only supervisor, the supervision must be ineffective or even failed.
What is more important here is the relationship between power and capital, or the relationship between government and business.In China, political and business relations are a very strange relationship.On the one hand, in the face of power, capital seems to be nothing.After various incidents in the business community broke out, once the government intervened, the largest capital was defeated, and the capital had no power to fight power.But on the other hand, when power needs capital, or if power becomes a strong backing of capital, the huge energy that capital can release often surpass people's imagination.Once power indulge in capital and push capital for capital, it will inevitably lead to capital to do whatever you want.Here, both state -owned capital or private capital, logic is the same.Whether it is the milk powder incident or the vaccine incident, it reflects the correlation logic of power and capital.
It is not difficult to understand that once power requires capital, capital constitutes constraints on power.When an enterprise has something to do, capital can use power to easily do things, as if nothing happened.In all the cases mentioned above, before the "crisis andrdquo; eventually the final outbreak, a variety of Andrdquo; and capital could be" resolved Andrdquo; crisis, so capital could be under the umbrella of power, soWhat is waiting for is just a bigger crisis.
What is worth exploring is that capital has the ability to allow victims and "willing to Andrdquo; secondary victims. Each time such a crisis occurs, capital will inevitably be condemned the most, and the victims get the most extensive sympathy. This is a person.The common sense is the same in any society. The problem is that after condemning and sympathy, other society is more likely to learn lessons. The same historical scene will no longer be reproduced, but in China, after condemning and sympathy,It seems that there is no happening, waiting for the reproduction of the same historical scene.
The huge uncertainty of Chinese society
To a large extent, Money's Terrigaism is not only the logic of capital, but also the hearts of the whole society. It is the logic of the entire society.Money can solve all problems, and use money to change life. Life is equal to money. This is the logic of capital.So, isn't this social logic?After each incident, it is not the capital and "soothing Andrdquo; Is the victim? Is there a victim for money after any incident, but to pursue Andrdquo; as an example?Of course, this is not just a simple personal choice problem. If it is a personal choice, it is also a rational and rational choice for Andrdquo; because once such things occur, power is often standing on the side of capital.Solve the problem through money, not to evolve into other problems.
But no matter what, there are so many things, capital can easily use money to get things done.For many Chinese people, it is difficult to understand the Western societyCrisis, capital must be most condemned, and the victims have the most extensive sympathy.This is the common sense of people, in any society the same.The problem is that after condemning and sympathy, other society is more likely to learn lessons. The same historical scene no longer reproduces, but in China, after condemning and sympathy, it seems that there is no happening.Reappearance of historical scenes.
The huge uncertainty of Chinese society
To a large extent, Money's Terrigaism is not only the logic of capital, but also the hearts of the whole society. It is the logic of the entire society.Money can solve all problems, and use money to change life. Life is equal to money. This is the logic of capital.So, isn't this social logic?After each incident, it is not the capital and "soothing Andrdquo; Is the victim? Is there a victim for money after any incident, but to pursue Andrdquo; as an example?Of course, this is not just a simple personal choice problem. If it is a personal choice, it is also a rational and rational choice for Andrdquo; because once such things occur, power is often standing on the side of capital.Solve the problem through money, not to evolve into other problems.
But no matter what, there are so many things, capital can easily use money to get things done.For many Chinese people, it is difficult to understand that Western society can spend (so many years) such a huge amount of taxpayer's money to pursue Andrdquo for an individual.The lack of consciousness is the social and psychological foundation that capital depends on what he wants to do.
This involves the relationship between capital, power and society.It is not easy to straighten the relationship between the three.It has spent more than 200 years in developed West, and most developing countries still face endless problems today.In the West, the streaming of the relationship between the three, although there are religious beliefs and economic development, are mainly inseparable from democratization.Before democratization, capital and power were basically integrated. Capital was the basis of power, and society was always weak.However, with the promotion of democratization, political power and capital have begun to separate, because power has gradually shifted from the foundation of capital to the foundation of society.In the early days, social forces were mainly manifested as social movements, but gradually social forces were manifested as votes.
It is difficult to imagine that if there is no democratization process, the various Andrdquo; where the concept comes from the "rights andrdquo; how to achieve it? Whether it is the welfare system or the establishment of the regulatory (capital) system, it is inseparable from democracy., Western Andrdquo, "One person, one vote and one vote; the system has gone to another extreme today, causing elites to veto each other, and cannot form a effective government, which affects the country's economic development and social order.
East Asian society has different experience in achieving the balance between the three.This is not difficult to understand, because there is no religious tradition like Western society in East Asian society, and cultural traditions do not have Andrdquo; consciousness. More importantly, traditionally, there is no such in the East Asian social government and capital.The government has always been in a strong position in East Asian society. However, the reason why the three of East Asian society can achieve balance is mainly the government's credit. This is mainly because of the political influence of the Confucian tradition.
In the Confucian tradition, the political elite is the rulers and the responsibility of social progress.Economically, the role of the East Asian social government has been fully manifested in the concept of "Development Government Andrdquo; and in terms of promoting economic development, except for the market, the government has played a much larger role than the West.In the realization of social rights and even the realization of democratic rights, political elites have played a huge role. Therefore, people have also discovered that the successful democratization of East Asian society is mostly achieved through top -down political reforms.
Japan is typical in this regard.In the long history since the Meiji Restoration, the most important question of the Japanese elites asked them: Are we civilized enough?Political elites not only seek progress and civilization themselves, but also lead by example, and strive to push civilization to ordinary people.At the same time, what the external world (mainly the West) is also asked the same question: Is the Japanese civilized enough?Is it eligible to become a member of the "Western andrdquo; a member of the West? So, although the goal of the Meiji Restoration of Japan is the same as that of all elites since modern times, that is, the" rich country and strong soldiers Andrdquo; but Japan "in the rich country in the rich country"The strong soldiers Andrdquo; behind it is the improvement of civilization and the realization of citizen rights from top to bottom. After Japan, other East Asian society basically improve along this path.
In contrast, this is not the case today.Whether it is a capital elite or a power elite, they seem to be the first to fall in their own degeneration.Not only did they not be able to guide social progress, but they made full use of the characteristics of the weak society to sacrifice social interests and maximize their own interests.In any society, in terms of its essence, all problems are elite problems. When the elite falls, this society will become extremely helpless.The same is true in the West.At the stage of elite democracy, the elites can reach consensus. Whether it is economic development, system construction, or social governance, it is effective; but now there is no consensus between elites, everyone will move towards populism.Responsibilities are pushed to the public.
Because the elites of Chinese society have no responsibility, not only cannot dedicate society, but they have intensified grabbing the society, making Chinese society never feel so uncertain about its own, wealth, and national security as today.Society reflects the characteristics of high degree of differentiation, isolation, hate, anxiety, and anxiety. Milk powder, vaccine and Didi cars will not be excessive to the shadow caused by the entire society.
Today, with the prevalence of Money's original teachings, the elites have given up a little progress consensus that has been re -lost since modern times, and since the reform and opening up. There is no difference between civilization and barbaric, and there is no difference between progress and backwardness.There is no connection between the elite and responsibility.However, the ending is obvious.If the elite continues to do what you do, then the elite itself will inevitably become a victim of this selfish behavior.This is proved for thousands of years of history.
(The author is the director of the East Asia Research Institute of the National University of Singapore, and the article only represents personal opinions)
